Josiah Kirby Lilly, Jr. (September 25, 1893–May 5, 1966) was a pharmaceutical industrialist and president of Eli Lilly and Company from 1948 to 1953. Lilly attended the Holderness School in Plymouth, New Hampshire and the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Lilly, a 1914 graduate of the school of pharmacy at the University of Michigan, was the last family member to run the company. He was the son of Josiah K. Lilly, Sr. of Lilly Ridgely Lilly. His father also headed the family business. He married Ruth Brinkmeyer and had 2 children, Ruth Lilly (1915–2009) and Josiah Kirby Lilly III (1916–1995).
Lilly was known for his philanthropic activities, such as Eagle Creek Park. He was a founder of the Indianapolis-based Lilly Endowment Inc. along with his father and his brother Eli Lilly, which has become one of the largest private foundations in the United States. He was also a prolific collector of rare books and manuscripts, gold, antique weaponry, stamps, and military miniatures.
Josiah or Yoshiyahu (/dʒoʊˈsaɪ.ə/ or /dʒəˈzaɪ.ə/;Hebrew: יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ, Modern Yoshiyyáhu, Tiberian Yôšiyyāhû, literally meaning "healed by Yah" or "supported of Yah"; Latin: Iosias; c. 649–609 BCE) was a king of Judah (641–609 BCE), according to the Hebrew Bible, who instituted major reforms. Josiah is credited by most historians with having established or compiled important Hebrew Scriptures during the Deuteronomic reform that occurred during his rule.
Josiah became king of Judah at the age of eight, after the assassination of his father, King Amon, and reigned for thirty-one years, from 641/640 to 610/609 BCE.
He is also one of the kings mentioned in one of the two divergent genealogies of Jesus in the New Testament.
Josiah is only known through biblical texts. No reference to him exists in surviving texts of the period from Egypt or Babylon, and no clear archaeological evidence, such as inscriptions bearing his name, has been found.
According to the Bible, Josiah was the son of King Amon and Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath. His grandfather Manasseh was one of the kings blamed for turning away from the worship of Yahweh. Manasseh adapted the Temple for idolatrous worship. Josiah's great-grandfather was King Hezekiah who was a noted reformer.
Jehoshaphat ben Saul (Hebrew: יהושפט בן שאול) was the son of Saul ben Anan and the grandson of Anan ben David. He lived in Iraq during the early ninth century. Jehoshaphat was nasi and resh galuta of the nascent Karaite movement of Judaism. He was the father of Boaz ben Jehoshaphat.
Josiah (/dʒoʊˈzaɪə/) is a given name derived from the Hebrew Yoshi-yahu (Hebrew: יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ, Modern Yošiyyáhu, Tiberian Yôšiyyāhû, "supported of Yahu (YHWH)".
The Latin form Josias was used in some early English translations of the Bible.