Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1890 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. Conditions for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those available to white Americans. This body of law institutionalized a number of economic, educational, and social disadvantages. De jure segregation mainly applied to the Southern states, while Northern segregation was generally de facto — patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory labor union practices.

Jim Crow laws mandated the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated, as were federal workplaces, initiated in 1913 under President Woodrow Wilson, the first Southern president elected since 1856. By requiring candidates to submit photos, his administration practiced racial discrimination in hiring.

Jim crow (tool)

A jim crow is a tool for bending rails, consisting of a U-shaped or V-shaped armature with a hefty screw rod in its axis. Deluxe models are outfitted with rollers for continuous bending.Terry Pratchett uses this term in his novel Raising Steam.

Practice

Railway rails are quite flexible and bend easily to radii of 400m or more. The jim crow is needed to bend rails to tighter radii, especially near the ends.

References

External links

  • http://www.catskillarchive.com/rrextra/tkwk03.Html (with illustration)
  • Photograph
  • Railway Object Name Thesaurus
  • James F. Crow

    James Franklin Crow (January 18, 1916 – January 4, 2012) was Professor Emeritus of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a prominent population geneticist whose career spanned from the modern synthesis to the genomic era.

    Some of his most significant peer-reviewed contributions were coauthored with Motoo Kimura, including those leading to the neutral theory of molecular evolution. He also wrote an influential introductory textbook on genetics and a more advanced one with Kimura. The list of his graduate and undergraduate students and postdocs includes Alexey Kondrashov, James Bull, Joe Felsenstein, Russell Lande, Dan Hartl, Takeo Maruyama, Terumi Mukai, Wen-Hsiung Li, Chung-I Wu, Charles Langley, and many others.

    He was a president of both the Genetics Society of America and the American Society of Human Genetics. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, The American Philosophical Society, the World Academy of Art and Science, the National Academy of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS).

    Podcasts:

    PLAYLIST TIME:

    That Drama (baby's Mama)

    by: Jim Crow

    [Short talking]
    Damn, Ay man, ain't that Chris baby momma over there?
    She lookin good
    [Hook x2: Jazze Pha]
    I know that it's gonna be drama
    But I got a thang for ya baby momma
    It don't stop, it won't stop
    It goes on and on and on
    (Got my eye on ya bitch and ya baby momma)
    [Polo]
    I ran into this girl I used to see in Eastwick
    She wasn't all that fine, but now she lookin thick
    I was feeling kinda hungry so she took me out to mix
    She wore some Calvin Klein's that was showin off them hips
    And shit, that ass was a eye catcher
    And I stress ya, if she let 'cha, you bet ya
    X-redbone fetcher
    She a go get it girl
    Drank Hen and don't hurl
    Was priceless like a pearl
    Stayed wet a ????
    Got caught up in ???? and came and scooped me from the ????
    Took me out to where she at, just like that
    Late night she called me up so she could get on her job
    Work hard overtime, and I don't pay her a dime
    Playa keep her mind, her body already mine
    And we will meet you at the finish line
    I'ma tell her that I know it's gonna be some drama
    You cuffin her like an anaconda
    But I still got a thang for your baby momma
    [Hook]
    [Short]
    I got my eye on ya bitch and ya baby momma
    Save the drama, cause I really don't want it
    I was mindin my business, all alone
    Drivin down the street, makin calls on the phone
    I'm a player, even in your town
    Your baby momma's kinda cute, roll ya window down
    She asked me 'what you gettin in to tonight?'
    I said 'you baby, I hope it ain't too tight'
    She laughed and then I told her, holla at me later
    Here's the number to my pager, two fingers like a player
    Rolled out, and when she hit me on the beep
    I found out your baby momma's a freak
    I know ya turned her out when she was young
    Got her doing thangs wit her tounge
    I'm havin hella fun
    Stop puttin in work like a fool
    Lost a good women to a real player, you know the rules
    [Jazze Pha]
    Now I done seen this whole thang for what it's 'sposed to be
    Cause she wanna love me down and got you mad at me
    She does things for free she's never done to you
    She asked me, so what the fuck I'm 'sposed to do?
    (Hook)
    [Cartel]
    Suzanna, this hoe from Alabama she was country
    It don't matter, boy I will still splack her cause she ??? me
    (Exhale), but she want me, (oh well), I'm macaroni
    Tony, when it come to these girls
    I got that game for sell, that be them lames ya tell
    That buy ya Chenelle, and ice for ya dyke friends
    I'm in your ear like Tyson
    ?????, just cripplin, your thoughts of goin home
    You called yo man up on the phone and said ('I'll be there later on')
    Shit it's on to the crib, we did them thangs you do to make kids
    Come to find out, you fool wit, ah shit
    How you know Chris? (oh, that's just my baby daddy)
    Hell nah, oh y'all got babies? (yeah boy, we got a cute lil' family)
    Damn, that's steady, tell Chris I'm sorry but I ain't scared off
    And if he really wanna trip I got this infrared boy
    Girl what we did was dead wrong, so when you and shorty talk
    Tell him boy you let me hit it, so I hit it and it ain't my fault
    [Jazze Pha]
    Don't you be hoe trustin, don't let it get to you
    Because I just come out bustin, they comin after you
    Now don't you be hoe trustin, don't let it get to you
    Because I just come out bustin, they comin after you
    [Hook]
    [Short talking]
    I don't give a fuck
    Nigga baby momma got some good ass pussy
    Mad as fuck if he knew Short Dog hit it
    Biiiiiitch!




    Latest News for: jim crow

    EDITORIAL: Democrats’ filibuster flip-flop

    Las Vegas Review-Journal 24 Mar 2025
    Abolish the Jim Crow filibuster.”. “Just surprised to see support for the ‘Jim Crow filibuster’ here,” Ms ... Obama recently called ‘a Jim Crow relic.’”.

    Erasing History

    Flathead Beacon 24 Mar 2025
    The creation of the American Republic was an experiment in manifesting those truths ... It is not the same as removing Confederate monuments which were a blight of granting honor to traitors to our Republic and a product of shameful Jim Crow segregation.

    Don’t cheer, Gov. Ivey: Killing the Department of Education will hurt Alabama students | BRIAN LYMAN

    Montgomery Advertiser 24 Mar 2025
    Gov. Kay Ivey is a sure-footed politician ... Department of Education ... Excuse me. “Bureaucrats.” ... State leaders’ “leave us alone” argument would be plausible if Montgomery took concrete steps to address the destructive legacy of Jim Crow in our schools ...

    Rev. Dr. Jamal Bryant’s Black Church Target Boycott Mobilizes 150,000 and Growing

    The Birmingham Times 24 Mar 2025
    By Stacy M. Brown ... The Rev. Dr ... Jamal Bryant. (Provided) ... “We are the trusted voice of Black America, and we will not be silent or nonresponsive to the rapid rise of renewed Jim Crow racist policies in corporate America,” said NNPA Chairman Bobby R.

    YSU professor discusses anti-KKK rallies in Niles

    The Vindicator 24 Mar 2025
    YOUNGSTOWN — Listening to Dr ... Previously, she wrote about the Nov ... Her father’s side were Italians ... She noted that following the Civil War, the KKK’s vigilante actions were replaced by Jim Crow laws that organized racist practices ... No. .

    North Carolinians don’t know much about the U.S. fiscal crisis. That’s a problem. | Opinion

    The Fayetteville Observer 23 Mar 2025
    Brecheen warns US is spending 'faster than the speed of light' ... spending is outpacing the speed of light ... (Our state constitution still contains a Jim Crow-era literacy test to vote, but it’s vestigial and unenforceable.) ... Senate ... fiscal crisis ... The U.S.

    Q\u0026A: Jim Townsend, Levin Center director, on the need for bipartisan oversight in Congress

    Detroit news 23 Mar 2025
    We all know what happened with Jim Crow that followed, but the point is that it created a record that that allowed us to understand the nature of the terrorism and the situation that was confronting African Americans and society in the South.

    Reparations are a bad idea

    Norfolk Daily News 22 Mar 2025
    ... who can demonstrate how slavery and Jim Crow laws .

    Some thoughts on hate speech | Opinion

    Pawhuska Journal-Capital 22 Mar 2025
    Nazis in Germany in the 1930’s and 1940’s and Zionists in Israel today may be morally corrupt, but as long as no Jim Crow type prejudice is displayed, they can wallow in their own ignorance without the government becoming involved.

    Michael Reagan | The Tragedy of Late-Stage TDS

    The Signal 22 Mar 2025
    They’re for stopping the war in Ukraine – until you try to stop the war ... Modern Democrats, not the old Jim Crow kind, used to be known for things like free speech, law and order, strong borders, world peace and minding our own business overseas ... .

    The tragedy of late-stage TDS | Makin Sense

    Red Bluff Daily News 22 Mar 2025
    They’re for stopping the war in Ukraine – until you try to stop the war ... Modern Democrats, not the old Jim Crow kind, used to be known for things like free speech, law and order, strong borders, world peace and minding our own business overseas ... – ... ....

    60 years later, we have not overcome

    The Vindicator 22 Mar 2025
    Thus, while many whites today would decry the de jure segregation, overt discrimination and racial bigotry of the Jim Crow era, many push back on diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives because ...

    Is Racial Discrimination Illegal or Not?, by Jared Taylor

    The Unz Review 22 Mar 2025
    “If an elementary school receives Department of Education funding for technology access, and a teacher uses a computer to teach the history of Jim Crow laws, does that risk the grant being deemed ...

    Big George and the legacy of big black men

    The Times of India 22 Mar 2025
    It was church and preaching, calmness at the core ... It was a reconnaissance mission. And then, the real one – boom, boom ... The Jim Crow apartheid kept them apart from the mainstream, but the impassioned men could not give up their chosen pursuits ... .

    10 common pitfalls that can lead to getting lost on a hike

    Journal Gazette 22 Mar 2025
    Here are some common pitfalls that lead to getting lost on the trail.. Dreamstime. 1. Not bringing navigation tools ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... Mattoon News ... 5 ... Several parks in the Jim Crow era were segregated, including Hot Springs, Shenandoah, and the Great Smoky Mountains.
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