Butterfield is a Fellow of the British Academy and a Senior Research Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is a past President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Science, and is currently President-elect of the Mind Association. He previously served on the governing board of the Philosophy of Science Association and on the executive committee of the British Philosophical Association. He co-founded the journal Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, and edited it until 2001. He serves on the editorial boards of several journals and book series.