Gill

A gill (ⁱ/ɡɪl/) is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist. The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment.

Many microscopic aquatic animals, and some larger but inactive ones, can absorb adequate oxygen through the entire surface of their bodies, and so can respire adequately without a gill. However, more complex or more active aquatic organisms usually require a gill or gills.

Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender, tufted processes that have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms, as water contains only a small fraction of the dissolved oxygen that air does. A cubic meter of air contains about 250 grams of oxygen at STP. The concentration of oxygen in water is lower than air and it diffuses more slowly. In fresh water, the dissolved oxygen content is approximately 8 cm³/L compared to that of air which is 210 cm³/L. Water is 777 times more dense than air and is 100 times more viscous. Oxygen has a diffusion rate in air 10,000 times greater than in water. The use of sac-like lungs to remove oxygen from water would not be efficient enough to sustain life. Rather than using lungs, "[g]asesous exchange takes place across the surface of highly vascularised gills over which a one-way current of water is kept flowing by a specialised pumping mechanism. The density of the water prevents the gills from collapsing and lying on top of each other, which is what happens when a fish is taken out of water."

Gill (name)

Gill may be a surname or given name, derived from a number of unrelated sources;

People with the surname Gill

List of Kim Possible characters

This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series Kim Possible.

Team Possible

Kim Possible

Kimberly Ann "Kim" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life. Her name is a play on the word "impossible." Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool. She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother. Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year, in Season 4. She famously adopts untypical teen slang such as "So not the drama", "No big" ("no big deal"), as well as the series' catch phrase, "What's the sitch?" (slang for "situation") in her speech. At Middleton High School, she is popular and charismatic, as well as an excellent student. She has an irritable and demanding personality that often affects her work, yet she fulfills the role of a protagonist by using her intelligence and sensibility to 'save the day'. Though she struggles with embarrassment, her rivalry with Bonnie, and her shyness around her crushes, she usually displays extreme maturity, going so far as to act as Ron's conscience at times. She has a good relationship with her family members, though she is often annoyed by her brothers (whom she calls "Tweebs", for "Twin Dweebs"), and embarrassed by her parents' antics.

Jealousy

Jealousy is an emotion, and the word typically refers to the thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, concern, and anxiety over an anticipated loss or status of something of great personal value, particularly in reference to a human connection. Jealousy often consists of a combination of emotions such as anger, resentment, inadequacy, helplessness and disgust. In its original meaning, jealousy is distinct from envy, though the two terms have popularly become synonymous in the English language, with jealousy now also taking on the definition originally used for envy alone. Jealousy is a typical experience in human relationships. It has been observed in infants five months and older. Some claim that jealousy is seen in every culture; however, others claim jealousy is a culture-specific phenomenon.

Jealousy is often reinforced as a series of particularly strong emotions and constructed as a universal human experience; it has been a theme of many artistic works. Psychologists have proposed several models of the processes underlying jealousy and have identified factors that result in jealousy. Sociologists have demonstrated that cultural beliefs and values play an important role in determining what triggers jealousy and what constitutes socially acceptable expressions of jealousy. Biologists have identified factors that may unconsciously influence the expression of jealousy. Artists have explored the theme of jealousy in photographs, paintings, movies, songs, plays, poems, and books. Theologians have offered religious views of jealousy based on the scriptures of their respective faiths.

Jealousy (2013 film)

Jealousy (French: La Jalousie) is a 2013 French drama film directed by Philippe Garrel. It was screened in the main competition section at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.

Plot

An impoverished actor tries to make his girl-friend a big star. But in spite of all his efforts he cannot get her proper roles. Eventually she falls in love with another man and cheats on him.

Cast

References

External links

Jealousy (X Japan album)

Jealousy is the third studio album by the Japanese heavy metal band X Japan, then named X. The album was released on July 1, 1991 by Sony, as the band's second major label release. Jealousy is the band's best-selling album, having sold more than one million copies, it topped the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for 50 weeks. The album's singles would also reach the top three on the chart. It is their last album under the name "X", before changing to "X Japan", and the last to feature Taiji on bass, who would be replaced by Heath.

Overview

After releasing their second album Blue Blood in 1989, which reached number six on the Oricon chart and charted for more than 100 weeks, selling over half of a million copies, X Japan received the "Grand Prix New Artist of the Year" award at the 4th Japan Gold Disc Awards in 1990. Sony told the band they could go anywhere they wanted, so Yoshiki visited Paris and London, while the other members chose Los Angeles. When deciding where to record their next album, Yoshiki was outvoted.