Janssen (lunar crater)

Janssen is an ancient impact crater located in the highland region near the southeastern lunar limb. The entire structure has been heavily worn and is marked by many lesser crater impacts. The outer wall is breached in multiple locations, but the outline of the crater rim can still be observed. The wall forms a distinctive hexagonal shape upon the rugged lunar surface, with a slight curvature at the vertices.

The prominent crater Fabricius lies entirely within the outer wall, in the northeast quadrant of the floor. A number of other lesser, but still notable craters mark the crater floor. Connected to the northeast rim is Metius, and to the north is the heavily worn Brenner. Southeast of Janssen are the co-joined craters Steinheil and Watt. Astride the southwest wall is the smaller Lockyer. Further to the east, although appearing nearby due to elongation, is the huge Vallis Rheita.

In the southern two-thirds of Janssen can be discerned the remains of a large, concentric crater, the wall of which is overlaid by Fabricus. The floor of this inner depression contains a rille system named the Rimae Janssen. The rille curves from the rim of Fabricius to the southeast of the outer wall of Janssen, extending for a distance of up to 140 kilometers.

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Lunar craters

Lunar craters are craters on Earth's Moon. The Moon's surface has many craters, almost all of which were formed by impacts.

History

The word crater was adopted by Galileo from the Greek word for vessel - (Κρατήρ a Greek vessel used to mix wine and water). Galileo built his first telescope in late 1609, and turned it to the Moon for the first time on November 30, 1609. He discovered that, contrary to general opinion at that time, the Moon was not a perfect sphere, but had both mountains and cup-like depressions, the latter of which he gave the name craters.

Scientific opinion as to the origin of craters swung back and forth over the ensuing centuries. The competing theories were (a) volcanic eruptions blasting holes in the Moon, (b) meteoric impact, (c) a theory known as the Welteislehre developed in Germany between the two World Wars which suggested glacial action creating the craters.

Evidence collected during the Apollo Project and from unmanned spacecraft of the same period proved conclusively that meteoric impact, or impact by asteroids for larger craters, was the origin of almost all lunar craters, and by implication, most craters on other bodies as well.

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Crater

Crater may refer to:

In landforms:

Impact crater, caused by two celestial bodies impacting each other, such as a meteorite hitting a planet

Volcanic crater or caldera, formed by volcanic activity

Subsidence crater, from an underground (usually nuclear) explosion

A maar crater, a relief crater caused by a phreatic eruption or explosion

pit crater, a crater that forms through sinking of the surface and not as a vent for lava

Crater lake

Explosion crater, a hole formed in the ground produced by an explosion near or below the surface

Machtesh, a crater-like formation created by erosion.

Other:

Crater, California, in Inyo County

Cratering, when reindeer dig for lichens that sustain them in winter months

Crater (constellation)

Joseph F. Crater, a New York judge who disappeared in 1930

An alternate ancient name for the Crathis, a river of southern Italy

Crater (Yemen)

The Crater (novel) a book by James Cooper

Crater Exploration New Space services company.

Crater, a 2016 collaborative album between Mamiffer and Daniel Menche

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location on Google Map

Crater (Aden)

Crater (/ˈkreɪtər/; Arabic: كريتر‎, [ˈkɾeːtəɾ]), also Kraytar, is a district of the Aden Governorate, Yemen. Its official name is Seera (Arabic: صيرة Ṣīrah). It is situated in a crater of an ancient volcano which forms the Shamsan Mountains. In 1991, the population was 70,319. As of 2003, the district had a population of 76,723 people.

In the closing days of British rule in 1967, Crater District became the focus of the Aden Emergency, sometimes called the last imperial war. After a mutiny of hundreds of soldiers in the South Arabian Federation Army on 20 June, all British forces withdrew from the Crater. The Crater was occupied by Arab fighters while British forces blocked off its two main entrances. In July, a British infantry battalion, led by Lt. Col. Colin Mitchell of the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders, entered the Crater and managed to occupy the entire district overnight with no casualties. Nevertheless, deadly guerrilla attacks soon resumed, with the British leaving Aden by the end of November 1967, earlier than had been planned by British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and without an agreement on the succeeding governance.

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Crater (Chinese astronomy)

According to traditional Chinese uranography, the modern constellation Crater is located within the southern quadrant of the sky, which is symbolized as the Vermilion Bird of the South (南方朱雀, Nán Fāng Zhū Què).

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 巨爵座 (jù jué zuò), meaning "the huge wine holder constellation".