Jaddua

Jaddua was a son of Jonathan and a high priest during the postexilic period. However, according to Nehemiah12:22 it is possible that a transcribing error has occurred in the rendering of Juddah's father's name. A more likely translation is that Juddah's father was Johanan. (Anchor Bible Dictionary). Reference to Jaddua may be found in Nehemiah verses 12:11,22. When reading Josephus' accounts of Jaddua's priestly position, it is unclear whether or not Jaddua was the sole high priest or if he shared the office with Manasseh. The other possibility (which is difficult to discern from Josephus' accounts) is that Manasseh was Jaddua's assistant or sagan. (Anchor Bible Dictionary).

Jaddua’s brother, Manasseh, married into the gubernatorial Samarian family. The governor's daughter, Nicaso, was given to Manasseh in marriage to try to ease the tensions that existed between the Assyrians and Jews. This posed a problem for the Jewish elders as they did not want the high priesthood tainted should Manasseh try partner with Jaddua as a priest. There are elders in Jerusalem had the ability and authority to force Manasseh to “either to divorce his faith or not to approach the altar.” (Vanderkam). In this dispute, Jaddua himself took the side of the elders of Jerusalem. Although the elders exercised authority, Jaddua was the top authority. In an account of the Jewish historian Josephus, it is speculated that the reason the elders opposed Manasseh’s marriage was that they resented “the fact that the brother of the high priest Jaddua was sharing the high priesthood while married to a foreigner.” This marriage could possibly be the beginning of an office known as a sagan which later became the second highest priestly position. Because the high priest was the supreme civil and religious head of the Jewish people and the only competing authority would be the elders, naturally Alexander targeted Jaddua.