JKF Renbukai

Japan Karatedo Federation Renbukai (全日本空手道連盟錬武会; Zennihon Karatedo renmei Renbukai ; JKF Renbukai; sometimes referred to simply as Renbukai 錬武会 in Japan) is a Bōgutsuki karate (防具付空手 put Bōgu karate in Japanese) organization. It is one of the oldest karate organizations in existence.

Origins

In early 1930, Kanken Toyama a native of Japan, returned to his country of origin to open his first dojo in Tokyo. He opened this dojo on March 20, 1930 and named it Shūdōkan (修道舘) meaning "The Dojo for the Study of the Karate Way".

When GHQ announced the martial arts ban in 1945, students of Shūdōkan opened a dojo studio called Kanbukan (韓武舘) to avoid martial ban. The name Kanbukan means "The Dojo of Martial Arts of Korea", and was used by the students of Kanken Toyama as camouflage from GHQ. The director was a Korean called Geka Yung, but in reality, a top student of Toyama called Hiroshi Kinjo the instructor. He performed partner practice with direct blows using a Bōgu (防具 protector) from Kendo. This is Bōgutsuki karate.

Japan Karate Federation

The Japan Karate Federation (JKF) is a national body for karate in Japan. It was originally called the Federation of All Japan Karatedo Organizations (FAJKO) and is affiliated with the World Karate Federation (WKF). The Japan Karate Federation recognizes the following styles of karate: Wadōkai, Shotokan (Japan Karate Association), Shito-ryu, Goju-ryu and Renbukai.

Early Years

In 1959 the original Japanese Karate Federation was formed to be a unifying organization to bring karate schools together. Heading the Shudokan of Kanken Tōyama, was Choko Sai, and Vice Chairs Konishi (Jjindō Jinen-ryū), Hiroshi Kinjo (Kanbukan), Otsuka Hinorori (Wado-Ryu), Tatsuo Yamada (Japan Kenpo Karate), and Shinkin Gima (Shotokan-ryu), each a karate world leader at the time. The Japan Karate Federation Championships, lead to the coalition (Daido Danketsu 大同団結) of the karate world. This Japan Karate Federation(old) adopted Bōgutsuki karate (防具付空手 put Bōgu karate in Japanese) in kumite rule .

JFK (film)

JFK is a 1991 American historical legal-conspiracy thriller film directed by Oliver Stone. It examines the events leading to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and alleged cover-up through the eyes of former New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison (Kevin Costner).

Garrison filed charges against New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw (Tommy Lee Jones) for his alleged participation in a conspiracy to assassinate the President, for which Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oldman) was found responsible by two government investigations: the Warren Commission, and the House Select Committee on Assassinations.

The film was adapted by Stone and Zachary Sklar from the books On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison and Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs. Stone described this account as a "counter-myth" to the Warren Commission's "fictional myth."

The film became embroiled in controversy. Upon JFK's theatrical release, many major American newspapers ran editorials accusing Stone of taking liberties with historical facts, including the film's implication that President Lyndon B. Johnson was part of a coup d'état to kill Kennedy. After a slow start at the box office, the film gradually picked up momentum, earning over $205 million in worldwide gross. JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards (including Best Picture) and won two for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. It was the most successful of three films Stone made about the American Presidency, followed later by Nixon with Anthony Hopkins in the title role and W. with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush.