Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל  Tzva Hahagana LeYisra'el , lit. "The Army of Defense for Israel", commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal (צה״ל), are the military forces of the State of Israel. They consist of the ground forces, air force, and navy. It is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and has no civilian jurisdiction within Israel. The IDF is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Defense Minister of Israel; Lieutenant general (Rav Aluf) Gadi Eizenkot has served as Chief of Staff since 2015.

An order from Defense Minister David Ben-Gurion on 26 May 1948 officially set up the Israel Defense Forces as a conscript army formed out of the paramilitary group Haganah, incorporating the militant groups Irgun and Lehi. The IDF served as Israel's armed forces in all the country's major military operations—including the 1948 War of Independence, 1951–1956 Retribution operations, 1956 Sinai War, 1964–1967 War over Water, 1967 Six-Day War, 1967–1970 War of Attrition, 1968 Battle of Karameh, 1973 Operation Spring of Youth, 1973 Yom Kippur War, 1976 Operation Entebbe, 1978 Operation Litani, 1982 Lebanon War, 1982–2000 South Lebanon conflict, 1987–1993 First Intifada, 2000–2005 Second Intifada, 2002 Operation Defensive Shield, 2006 Lebanon War, 2008–2009 Operation Cast Lead, 2012 Operation Pillar of Defense, and 2014 Operation Protective Edge. The number of wars and border conflicts in which the IDF has been involved in its short history makes it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world. While originally the IDF operated on three fronts—against Lebanon and Syria in the north, Jordan and Iraq in the east, and Egypt in the south—after the 1979 Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty, it has concentrated its activities in southern Lebanon and the Palestinian Territories, including the First and the Second Intifada.

Military order

Military order may refer to:

Orders

Military organisation and terms

Military order (monastic society)

A military order (Latin: Militaris ordinis) is a confraternity of knights, originally established as Catholic religious societies during the medieval Crusades for protection of Christians in response to the aggression and persecution of the Islamic conquests (623–1050) in the Holy Land and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as by Baltic paganism in Eastern Europe. Most members, often referred to as knights, were laymen, not priests, but sometimes cooperated with the clergy, taking vows such as poverty, chastity, and obedience according to monastic religious vows.

It was in the military orders, in fusion of religious and military spirit, that chivalry reached its apogee. Its traditions eventually influenced many subsequent secular Western fraternities, or brotherhoods, and most importantly the honour systems of honourfic orders of today.

Prominent examples include the Knights Hospitaller and the Knights Templar in Outremer, as well as the Teutonic Knights in the Baltics.

Military order (instruction)

A military order or command is a binding instruction given by a senior rank to a junior rank in a military context. Though not all senior ranks in all military have the right to give an order to all lower ranks. A general order is a published directive by an officer in commander, which is binding on all ranks under his command, and intended to enforce a policy or procedure.

US Military

In the US military an operations order is a plan format meant which is intended to assist subordinate units with the conduct of military operations.

See also

References

Israeli Military Order

An Israeli Military Order is a general order issued by an Israeli military commander, and applying to occupied territory. It has the force of law, without any democratic control or preceding parliamental approval. Enforcement is subjected to military courts instead of civil courts.

The Military Orders system is still a basic instrument to rule the Palestinian population in the West Bank, in contrast to the Israeli colonists, who are usually subjected to civil courts. Military Orders immediately become law for all Palestinians living in the area. They were issued "in a constant stream" between 1967 and 1994, covering criminal and civil matters as well as security and military matters.

History

Israel inherited the British-imposed 1945 Defence (Emergency) Regulations, applying to whole British Mandatory Palestine. The Regulations included, inter alia, the establishment of military tribunals to try civilians without granting the right of appeal, allowing sweeping searches and seizures, prohibiting publication of books and newspapers, demolishing houses, detaining individuals administratively for an indefinite period, sealing off particular territories, and imposing curfew.

Israeli military order 1650

Military order 1650 (officially, Order regarding Prevention of Infiltration (Amendment No. 2) (Judea and Samaria) (No. 1650) 5769-2009) is an Israeli military order issued on 13 October 2009. It is an amendment to Military Order No. 329, "Order Regarding Prevention of Infiltration", and significantly expands the definition of 'infiltrator' such that any person in the West Bank could fall under the scope of the definition, and be subject to arrest or deportation by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) without judicial review. The order was signed by Gadi Shamni, Major General Commander of IDF Forces in the Judea and Samaria Area.

The order modifies the 1969 definition of 'infiltrator' to encompass anyone who enters the West Bank illegally, as well as anyone, "who is present in the Area and does not lawfully hold a permit." The original 1969 definition of 'infiltrator' applied only to those who entered Israel illegally after passing through 'enemy states' (Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria). The military order does not clarify what kind of permit is required, and thus leaves it open for the Israeli authorities in occupied territory to interpret it. According to Amnesty International, those considered to be 'infiltrators' can be deported to other states, forcibly transferred to the Gaza Strip, or face criminal charges. This could include Palestinians whose address is recorded as being the Gaza Strip, even if they were live in or were born in the West Bank.