Diaphragm (optics)

In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center. The role of the diaphragm is to stop the passage of light, except for the light passing through the aperture. Thus it is also called a stop (an aperture stop, if it limits the brightness of light reaching the focal plane, or a field stop or flare stop for other uses of diaphragms in lenses). The diaphragm is placed in the light path of a lens or objective, and the size of the aperture regulates the amount of light that passes through the lens. The centre of the diaphragm's aperture coincides with the optical axis of the lens system.

Most modern cameras use a type of adjustable diaphragm known as an iris diaphragm, and often referred to simply as an iris.

See the articles on aperture and f-number for the photographic effect and system of quantification of varying the opening in the diaphragm.

Iris diaphragms versus other types

A natural optical system that has a diaphragm and an aperture is the human eye. The iris is the diaphragm, and the opening in the iris of the eye (the pupil) is the aperture. An analogous dev in a photographic lens is called an iris diaphragm.

Iris (1987 film)

Iris is a 1987 Netherlands film directed by Mady Saks and starring Monique van de Ven.

Plot

A young woman, Iris, runs away to the big city on her eighteenth birthday. She moves in with an architect and decides to become a veterinarian. With an inheritance she buys an existing clinic in a backwoods town where Iris is leered at by the men, scorned by the women. Cruel jokes and gossip eventually lead to violence.A local thug breaks in her house while she is out. When she returns home late night, he attacks her, drag her to the wooden stairs, ties her hands, stretch her legs wide apart and ties to the railing of stairs and rapes her brutally.

References

External links

Iris (EP)

Iris is Miranda Sex Garden's second release, and first EP.

Track listing

Limbo

In the theology of the Catholic Church, Limbo (Latin limbus, edge or boundary, referring to the "edge" of Hell) is a speculative idea about the afterlife condition of those who die in original sin without being assigned to the Hell of the Damned. Medieval theologians of western Europe described the underworld ("hell", "hades", "infernum") as divided into four distinct parts: Hell of the Damned,Purgatory, Limbo of the Fathers or Patriarchs, and Limbo of the Infants. However, Limbo of the Infants is not an official doctrine of the Catholic Church.

Limbo of the Patriarchs

The "Limbo of the Patriarchs" or "Limbo of the Fathers" (Latin limbus patrum) is seen as the temporary state of those who, despite the sins they may have committed, died in the friendship of God but could not enter Heaven until redemption by Jesus Christ made it possible. The term "Limbo of the Fathers" was a medieval name for the part of the underworld (Hades) where the patriarchs of the Old Testament were believed to be kept until Christ's soul descended into it by his death through crucifixion and freed them (see Harrowing of Hell). The Catechism of the Catholic Church describes Christ's descent into hell as meaning primarily that "the crucified one sojourned in the realm of the dead prior to his resurrection. This was the first meaning given in the apostolic preaching to Christ's descent into hell: that Jesus, like all men, experienced death and in his soul joined the others in the realm of the dead." It adds: "But he descended there as Saviour, proclaiming the Good News to the spirits imprisoned there." It does not use the word "Limbo".

Limbo (DC Comics)

Limbo refers to a fictional location in books published by DC Comics. Limbo first appeared in Ambush Bug (vol. 1) #3 (August 1985), and was created by Keith Giffen.

History

In Ambush Bug (vol. 1) #3, Jonni DC mentions removing Wonder Tot from DC continuity having "dumped her in Limbo." Ambush Bug later returns to Limbo in Son of Ambush Bug #6.

Animal Man

In Animal Man #25 (July 1990), Grant Morrison reintroduces Limbo, a dimension inhabited by old characters seemingly abandoned or forgotten by their publishers. The comic depicted such characters as the Inferior Five, Mr. Freeze, and the Gay Ghost (who expressed a desire not to be revived). This comic was published in the wake of DC's Crisis on Infinite Earths, in which many historic comics were removed from continuity. This "comic book limbo" is a metafiction, based on the notion that any character who has not been published recently can be said to reside in "comic book limbo".

Final Crisis

Limbo (1972 film)

Limbo is a 1972 film drama directed by Mark Robson. It stars Kate Jackson, Kathleen Nolan and Katherine Justice.

Plot

Three women in Florida have husbands serving in Vietnam who are reported missing in action.

Mary Kay Beull has four children, the eldest of whom treats her with increasing hostility as she develops a friendship with Phil Garrett, a school teacher. Sharon Dornbeck is married to a soldier in the Air Force and has received a telegram reporting that he has been killed. Sandy Lawton was wed just two weeks before her lieutenant husband went off to Vietnam.

The three women travel to Paris together to attend a Vietnam peace conference. To their shock, a film is shown there depicting the atrocities committed by American soldiers against Vietnamese civilians. A horrified Mary Kay becomes an anti-war advocate, even testifying before a committee in Washington, D.C.

Proof ultimately is provided that the deaths of Mary Kay's husband and Sharon's have indeed been confirmed. Sandy's, however, is released in a weakened condition from a prisoner-of-war camp and she eagerly awaits his return home.