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Operas
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Iris is an opera in three acts by Pietro Mascagni to an original Italian libretto by Luigi Illica. Its first performance was at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 22 November 1898.
The opera is through-composed and set in Japan during legendary times.
In common with all of Mascagni's full-length operas, Iris is now rarely performed, even in Italy, although along with L'Amico Fritz it remains one of the composer's more performed operas. Two of the opera's most memorable numbers are the tenor's serenade ("Apri la tua finestra") and the Hymn to the Sun ("Inno al Sole").
The so-called "aria della piovra" ("Octopus aria"), "Un dì, ero piccina", where Iris describes a screen she had seen in a Buddhist temple when she was a child, depicting an octopus coiling with its tentacles around a young woman, may have been inspired by the print "The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife" (1814) by the Japanese artist Hokusai.[1]
Roles [link]
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 22 November 1898 (Conductor: Pietro Mascagni) |
|---|---|---|
| Iris | soprano | Hariclea Darclée |
| Il Cieco | bass | Giuseppe Tisci Rubini |
| Osaka | tenor | Fernando De Lucia |
| Kyoto | baritone | Guglielmo Caruson |
| Geisha | soprano | Ernestina Tilde Milanesi |
| Haberdasher | tenor | Eugenio Grossi |
| Rag merchant | tenor | Piero Schiavazzi |
| Chorus: shopkeepers, geishas, laundry girls, samurai, citizens | ||
Notes [link]
- ^ Mallach, Alan (2002). Pietro Mascagni and his Operas. UPNE. p. 127 and note. https://books.google.com/books?id=kUCtUcFvr0IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Sources [link]
- Amadeus Almanac, accessed 30 June 2008
- Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pp., ISBN 0-19-869164-5
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Opera (web browser)
Opera is a web browser developed by Opera Software. The latest version is available for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux operating systems, and uses the Blink layout engine. An earlier version using the Presto layout engine is still available, and additionally runs on FreeBSD systems.
Opera siblings – Opera Mobile, Opera Mini and Opera Coast – work on devices running Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Symbian, Maemo, Bada, BlackBerry and Windows Mobile operating systems, while Opera Mini runs on Java ME-capable devices.
According to Opera Software, the browser had more than 350 million users worldwide in the 4th quarter 2014. Total Opera mobile users reached 291 million in June 2015. Opera has been noted for originating many features later adopted by other web browsers. A prominent example is Speed Dial.
History
Opera began in 1994 as a research project at Telenor, the largest Norwegian telecommunications company. In 1995, it branched out into a separate company named Opera Software ASA. Opera was first released publicly with version 2.0 in 1996, which only ran on Microsoft Windows. In an attempt to capitalize on the emerging market for Internet-connected handheld devices, a project to port Opera to mobile device platforms was started in 1998. Opera 4.0, released in 2000, included a new cross-platform core that facilitated creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.
Opera (magazine)
Opera is a monthly British magazine devoted to covering all things related to opera. It contains reviews and articles about current opera productions internationally, as well as articles on opera recordings, opera singers, opera companies, opera directors, and opera books. The magazine also contains major features and analysis on individual operas and people associated with opera.
The magazine employs a network of international correspondents around the world who write for the magazine. Contributors to the magazine, past and present, include William Ashbrook, Martin Bernheimer, Julian Budden, Rodolfo Celletti, Alan Blyth, Elizabeth Forbes, and J.B. Steane among many others.
Opera is printed in A5 size, with colour photos, and consists of around 130 pages. Page numbering is consecutive for a complete year (e.g. September 2009 goes from p1033-1168). All issues since August 2006 are available online to current subscribers (through Exact Editions).
Based in London, the magazine was founded in 1950 by George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood. It was launched at the house of Richard Buckle, under the imprint 'Ballet Publications Ltd'.
Ópera (Madrid Metro)
Ópera is a station on Line 2, Line 5 and Ramal of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone A, in the Plaza de Isabel II, in the central district of Madrid. The station provides access to an area with tourist landmarks such as Teatro Real, Plaza de Oriente and the Royal Palace. Its name comes from nearby Madrid opera house, the Teatro Real.
History
The station was opened to the public in 1925 for lines 2 and Ramal later that year. Its original name was Isabel II, under the square in which it stood. The platforms of lines 2 and Ramal are located at the same level, the former is 60 m long and the latter being shorter in the beginning, but later it was extended in length to 60 m, too.
After the proclamation of the Second Republic on 14 April 1931, the new authorities approved by Decree of 20 April the removal of all the denominations that made references to the monarchy. Therefore, on 24 June Isabel II station was renamed Ópera. That same year, the square also changed his name to Fermín Galán, one of the leaders of the failed uprising in 1930 tried to overthrow King Alfonso XIII. On 5 June 1937 the station changed its name to coincide with the square. However, after the establishment of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco there was a further change in the names of city streets, stations, etc. Therefore, in 1939 the square was again renamed Isabel II, and the metro station recovered the name Ópera.
Diaphragm (optics)
In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center. The role of the diaphragm is to stop the passage of light, except for the light passing through the aperture. Thus it is also called a stop (an aperture stop, if it limits the brightness of light reaching the focal plane, or a field stop or flare stop for other uses of diaphragms in lenses). The diaphragm is placed in the light path of a lens or objective, and the size of the aperture regulates the amount of light that passes through the lens. The centre of the diaphragm's aperture coincides with the optical axis of the lens system.
Most modern cameras use a type of adjustable diaphragm known as an iris diaphragm, and often referred to simply as an iris.
See the articles on aperture and f-number for the photographic effect and system of quantification of varying the opening in the diaphragm.
Iris diaphragms versus other types
A natural optical system that has a diaphragm and an aperture is the human eye. The iris is the diaphragm, and the opening in the iris of the eye (the pupil) is the aperture. An analogous dev in a photographic lens is called an iris diaphragm.
Iris (1987 film)
Iris is a 1987 Netherlands film directed by Mady Saks and starring Monique van de Ven.
Plot
A young woman, Iris, runs away to the big city on her eighteenth birthday. She moves in with an architect and decides to become a veterinarian. With an inheritance she buys an existing clinic in a backwoods town where Iris is leered at by the men, scorned by the women. Cruel jokes and gossip eventually lead to violence.A local thug breaks in her house while she is out. When she returns home late night, he attacks her, drag her to the wooden stairs, ties her hands, stretch her legs wide apart and ties to the railing of stairs and rapes her brutally.
References
External links
Iris (EP)
Iris is Miranda Sex Garden's second release, and first EP.
