Criminal justice

Criminal justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. Those accused of crime have some protections against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers.

Goals

In the United States, criminal justice policy has been guided by the 1967 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, which issued a ground-breaking report "The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society". This report made more than 200 recommendations as part of a comprehensive approach toward the prevention and fighting of crime. Some of those recommendations found their way into the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The Commission advocated a "systems" approach to criminal justice, with improved coordination among law enforcement, courts, and correctional agencies. The President's Commission defined the criminal justice system as the means for society to "enforce the standards of conduct necessary to protect individuals and the community."

Criminal Court

Criminal Court is a 1946 crime drama directed by Robert Wise. It stars Tom Conway and Martha O'Driscoll.

Plot

Hotshot lawyer Steve Barnes is a candidate to be district attorney. His girlfriend Georgia Gale has a job singing for nightclub owner Vic Wright, a gangster who works for the mob boss, Marquette.

Steve has film footage of Vic and brother Frankie committing crimes. He rejects a $50,000 bribe made in the form of a campaign donation. Joan, his secretary, spies on Steve for the gangster. She witnesses a struggle for a gun and sees Vic accidentally shot dead.

Georgia is seen leaving the scene and is charged with murder. Marquette will have his stooge Joe West give false testimony to convict her unless Steve plays ball.

Steve realizes just in time that Joan is involved and calls her to the stand. West tries to shoot her, but is overcome. Joan tells what really happened and Georgia goes free.

Cast

Criminal Court of Thailand

The Criminal Court (Thai: ศาลอาญา; rtgs: San-aya; Thai pronunciation: [sä̃ːn˩˥.ʔäː˧.jäː˧]) is a Thai court of justice of first instance responsible for the application of criminal law in Bangkok. The court is located on Ratchadaphisek Road and is colloquially called "Ratchada Criminal Court" (ศาลอาญารัชดาฯ).

Background

During Sukhothai Kingdom, Ayutthaya Kingdom and the initial period of Rattanakosin Kingdom, the judicial service was part of the executive service. King Chulalongkorn later launched an administrative reform by which the courts competent to deal with criminal cases in Bangkok, that is, the Metropolitan Court (ศาลนครบาล) and the Outer Criminal Court (ศาลอาญานอก), were consolidated into a Royal Criminal Court (ศาลพระราชอาชญา). The Royal Criminal Court sat at the Military Registration Hall (หอสัสดี) within the Front Palace.

In 1935, a Statute of the Courts of Justce was promulgated and renamed the Royal Criminal Court to the Criminal Court. In 1941, the Criminal Court moved its seat to a building newly constructed on Rachini Road near the Petty Crimes Division (กองลหุโทษ) of the Corrections Department, the Ministry of Justice, in Phra Nakhon District. On 25 March 1992, the Criminal Court again moved to a new building on Ratchadaphisek Road in Chatuchak District.

International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer investigations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 123 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC.