| Cyst | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Micrograph of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. H&E stain. |
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| MedlinePlus | 003240 |
| MeSH | D003560 |
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.
Contents |
Types [link]
- Acne cyst – Pseudocysts associated with cystic acne. Actually an inflammatory nodule with or without an associated epidermoid inclusion cyst.
- Aneurysmal bone cyst (Aggressive lesion with radiographic cystic appearance)[1]
- Arachnoid cyst (between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane)
- Baker's cyst or popliteal cyst (behind the knee joint)
- Bartholin's cyst
- Breast cyst
- Buccal bifurcation cyst[2]
- Calcifying odontogenic cyst
- Chalazion cyst (eyelid)
- Chocolate cyst
- Choroid plexus cyst (brain)
- Colloid cyst
- Cysticercal cyst (the larval stage of Taenia sp. (Crain's backs))
- Dentigerous cyst (associated with the crowns of non-erupted teeth)
- Dermoid cyst (ovaries, testes, many other locations from head to tailbone)
- Epididymal cyst (found in the vessels attached to the testes)
- Ganglion cyst (hand/foot joints and tendons)
- Glandular odontogenic cyst
- Glial cyst (in the brain)
- Gartner's duct cyst (vaginal or vulvar cyst of embryological origin)
- Hydatid cyst (larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm))
- Hydrocele (testicle)
- Keratocyst (in the jaws, these can appear solitary or associated with the Gorlin-Goltz or Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. The latest World Health Organization classification considers Keratocysts as tumors rather than cysts)
- Liver cystic disease
- Meibomian cyst (eyelid)
- Mucoid cyst (ganglion cysts of the digits)
- Mucous cyst of the oral mucosa
- Nabothian cyst (cervix)
- Nasolabial duct cyst
- Odontogenic cyst (teeth)
- Ovarian cyst (ovaries, functional and pathological)
- Pancreatic cyst
- Paradental cyst
- Parapelvic cyst (kidney)[3]
- Paratubal cyst (fallopian tube)
- Periapical cyst (This cyst, also known as radicular cyst, is the most common odontogenic cyst)
- Pericardial cyst[4]
- Peritoneal cyst (lining of the abdominal cavity)
- Pilar cyst (cyst of the scalp)
- Pilonidal cyst (skin infection near tailbone)
- Renal cyst (kidneys)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Pineal gland cyst
- Radicular cyst (associated with the roots of non-vital teeth, also known as periapical cyst)
- Residual cyst
- Sebaceous cyst (sac below skin)
- Spermatocele (testicle)
- Stafne static bone cyst (An anatomic variant with radiographic cystic appearance in the posterior mandible)
- Tarlov cyst (spine)
- Trichilemmal cyst – Same as a pilar cyst. A familial cyst of the scalp.
- Vocal fold cyst
Cystic fibrosis [link]
Despite being described in 1938 as the microscopic appearance of cysts in the pancreas,[5] cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disorder whose name is related to fibrosis of the cystic duct and does not involve actual cysts.[6]
Cystic neoplasm [link]
Most cysts in the body are benign (dysfunctional) tumors, the result of plugged ducts or other natural body outlets for secretions. However sometimes these masses are considered neoplasm:
Treatment [link]
Treatment ranges from simple enucleation of the cyst to curettage to resection. There are cysts, e.g. buccal bifurcation cyst with self-resolation nature, in which close observation only can be employed unless the cyst is infected and symptomatic.[2]
Related structures [link]
A pseudocyst is collection without a distinct membrane.
A syrinx in the spinal cord or brainstem is sometimes inaccurately referred to as a cyst.
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ Zadik, Yehuda; Aktaş Alper; Drucker Scott; Nitzan W Dorrit (2012). "Aneurysmal bone cyst of mandibular condyle: A case report and review of the literature". J Craniomaxillofac Surg 40. DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2011.10.026. PMID 22118925. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010518211002551.
- ^ a b Zadik Y, Yitschaky O, Neuman T, Nitzan DW (May 2011). "On the Self-Resolution Nature of the Buccal Bifurcation Cyst". J Oral Maxillofac Surg 20 (5): e15. DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.124. PMID 21571416. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WKF-52VP3D1-6&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F14%2F2011&_rdoc=9&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236905%239999%23999999999%2399999%23FLA%23display%23Articles)&_cdi=6905&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=207&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=47e40681e02990c1d46b7f818fe30630&searchtype=a.
- ^ Parapelvic cyst
- ^ Pericardial cyst
- ^ Anderson, D.H. (1938). "Cyst leiesic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease". Am J Dis Child 56: 344–399.
- ^ Greenholz SK, Krishnadasan B, Marr C, Cannon R (1997). "Biliary obstruction in infants with cystic fibrosis requiring Kasai portoenterostomy". J. Pediatr. Surg. 32 (2): 175–9; discussion 179–80. DOI:10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90174-3. PMID 9044117.
External links [link]
- "Cyst Symptoms and Causes" by Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD and William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR.
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Microbial cyst
A microbial cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. It can be thought of as a state of suspended animation in which the metabolic processes of the cell are slowed down and the cell ceases all activities like feeding and locomotion. Encystment also helps the microbe to disperse easily, from one host to another or to a more favorable environment. When the encysted microbe reaches an environment favorable to its growth and survival, the cyst wall breaks down by a process known as excystation.
Unfavorable environmental conditions such as lack of nutrients or oxygen, extreme temperatures, lack of moisture and presence of toxic chemicals, which are not conducive for the growth of the microbe trigger the formation of a cyst.
Cyst formation across species
In bacteria
In bacteria (for instance, Azotobacter sp.), encystment occurs by changes in the cell wall; the cytoplasm contracts and the cell wall thickens. Bacterial cysts differ from endospores in the way they are formed and also the degree of resistance to unfavorable conditions. Endospores are much more resistant than cysts.
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St. Theresa Point Airport (IATA: YST, ICAO: CYST) is located on St Mary Island 0.8 nautical miles (1.5 km; 0.92 mi) north of St. Theresa Point, Manitoba, Canada.
Airlines and destinations
References
Inhuman
Inhuman may refer to:
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It may also refer to:
See also
Inhuman (comics)
Inhuman is a 14-issue ongoing comic book series published by Marvel Comics focusing on Inhumans as a fallout from Infinity, published between April 2014 and June 2015. It was written by Charles Soule.
Overview
The series follows Medusa as she tries to lead the Inhumans following the disappearance of King Black Bolt in the aftermath of the Infinity event, in which new Inhumans, or "NuHumans" have sprung up around the globe.
Originally intended to debut in January 2014 as part of All-New Marvel NOW!, the departure of Matt Fraction as writer delayed the series release to April 2014.
Collected editions
Inhuman has been collected in the following hardcovers:
References
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Inhuman is the fourth album by death metal band Desecration, though the band considers it their first properly released album.
