Book
A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of ink, paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page. A set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book, or e-book.
Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspapers. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (for example, biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, and so on). An avid reader of books is a bibliophile or colloquially, bookworm.
A shop where books are bought and sold is a bookshop or bookstore. Books can also be borrowed from libraries. Google has estimated that as of 2010, approximately 130,000,000 unique titles had been published. In some wealthier nations, printed books are giving way to the usage of electronic or e-books, though sales of e-books declined in the first half of 2015.
Keturi Brūkšniai
Keturi brūkšniai is a polemical book by Lithuanian historian Edvardas Gudavičius, written in the Lithuanian language. It was published in 2002 by Aidai in Vilnius (ISBN 9955-445-55-6). It does not have any proper title, but publishers and book sellers usually put four dashes (Lithuanian: Keturi brūkšniai) as the title.
References
Book (graph theory)
In graph theory, a book graph (often written 
) may be any of several kinds of graph.
One kind, which may be called a quadrilateral book, consists of p quadrilaterals sharing a common edge (known as the "spine" or "base" of the book). A book of this type is the Cartesian product of a star and K2 .
A second type, which might be called a triangular book, is the complete tripartite graph K1,1,p. It is a graph consisting of 
triangles sharing a common edge. A book of this type is a split graph.
This graph has also been called a 
.
Given a graph 
, one may write 
for the largest book (of the kind being considered) contained within .
The term "book-graph" has been employed for other uses. Barioli used it to mean a graph composed of a number of arbitrary subgraphs having two vertices in common. (Barioli did not write for his book-graph.)
Theorems on books
Denote the Ramsey number of two (triangular) books by 
, then 
(proved by Rousseau and Sheehan).
such that whenever 
.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC, /ˈaɪjuːpæk/ or /ˈjuːpæk/) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). The international headquarters of IUPAC is in Zürich, Switzerland. The administrative office, known as the "IUPAC Secretariat", is in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States. This administrative office is headed by the IUPAC executive director, currently Lynn Soby.
IUPAC was established in 1919 as the successor of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry. Its members, the National Adhering Organizations, can be national chemistry societies, national academies of sciences, or other bodies representing chemists. There are fifty-four National Adhering Organizations and three Associate National Adhering Organizations. IUPAC's Inter-divisional Committee on Nomenclature and Symbols (IUPAC nomenclature) is the recognized world authority in developing standards for the naming of the chemical elements and compounds. Since its creation, IUPAC has been run by many different committees with different responsibilities. These committees run different projects which include standardizing nomenclature, finding ways to bring chemistry to the world, and publishing works.
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