IKAROS

IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun) is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) experimental spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched on 21 May 2010, aboard an H-IIA rocket, together with the Akatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter) probe and four other small spacecraft. IKAROS is the first spacecraft to successfully demonstrate solar sail technology in interplanetary space.

On 8 December 2010, IKAROS passed by Venus at about 80,800 km (50,200 mi) distance, completing the planned mission successfully, and entered its extended operation phase.

Purpose

The IKAROS probe is the world's first spacecraft to use solar sailing as the main propulsion. It plans to demonstrate four key technologies (comments in parentheses refer to figure):

Ikaros (Failaka Island)

'Ikaros is an ancient Greek city on Failaka Island, in the Persian Gulf.

Remains of the settlement include a large Hellenistic fort and two Greek temples. It may have been a trading post (emporion) of the kingdom of Characene.

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Intention

Intention is a mental state that represents a commitment to carrying out an action or actions in the future. Intention involves mental activities such as planning and forethought.

Definition

Folk psychology explains human behavior on the basis of mental states, including beliefs, desires, and intentions. Mental mechanisms, including intention, explain behavior in that individuals are seen as actors who have desires and who attempt to achieve goals that are directed by beliefs. Thus, an intentional action is a function to accomplish a desired goal and is based on the belief that the course of action will satisfy a desire.

There is also a theoretical distinction between intentionality (intentional actions), and a mental state of intention for the future. Searle (1983) labeled these as intention-in-action and prior intention respectively. Prior intentions reflect forethought about intentions-in-action; prior intentions do not need to be carried out to be considered intentions. An unfulfilled intention is a prior intention that has no action associated with it.

Purpose (Justin Bieber album)

Purpose is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Justin Bieber. It was released on November 13, 2015, by Def Jam Recordings and School Boy Records. It serves as the follow-up to Bieber's third studio album Believe (2012) and was quickly developed after the release of his collection, Journals (2013), which saw him in a more R&B direction. Working throughout a period of almost three years on the album, Bieber struggled to find a musical direction for the record and scrapped it many times until he became satisfied with its ending result that matched with his mindset of having a cohesive sound.

With the help of personal friend and frequent collaborator Jason "Poo Bear" Boyd, Bieber started to write and record heavily on the album with the idea of doing an inspirational album that could encourage people through uplifting messages in a period of media scrutiny and his envolvement in various misdemeanours as well as his tumultuous relationships. Aided by the help of producer Skrillex, which released with partner Diplo and Bieber the successful song "Where Are Ü Now" (2015) for their project Jack Ü, Bieber found its sonic direction and worked with the producer in a handful of songs for the album.

Purpose (Algebra album)

Purpose is the debut album by contemporary R&B singer, Algebra.

The album was on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for 14 weeks and peaked at #56.

Track listing

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