IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.

It is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols: IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w, IEEE 802.1s. These blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop, whereas SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, provides much larger layer 2 topologies, supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency by allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. It is designed to virtually eliminate human error during configuration and preserves the plug-and-play nature that established Ethernet as the de facto protocol at Layer 2.

The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.

IEEE 802

IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.

More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. By contrast, in cell relay networks data is transmitted in short, uniformly sized units called cells. Isochronous networks, where data is transmitted as a steady stream of octets, or groups of octets, at regular time intervals, are also out of the scope of this standard. The number 802 was simply the next free number IEEE could assign, though “802” is sometimes associated with the date the first meeting was held — February 1980.

The services and protocols specified in IEEE 802 map to the lower two layers (Data Link and Physical) of the seven-layer OSI networking reference model. In fact, IEEE 802 splits the OSI Data Link Layer into two sub-layers named Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC), so that the layers can be listed like this:

  • Data link layer
  • Podcasts:

    PLAYLIST TIME:

    My World

    by: O.C.

    Uh, yeah y'know, shit is wild he, heh
    Can't complain though I'm alive
    Healthy and all a that knahmsayin?
    Just tryin' to do my thang, praise to all
    Bust it that nigga Slick Rick said, I waited long time sweatin' it
    I got jerked but now I'm gettin' it, hazy like asthma bizarre disaster
    Stress almost held me down from bein' a master
    The faster preacher, poet, a teacher, it's been so long like Monifah
    Believe that I'm needed, in rappin', I breathe this
    Some pick up a microphone and can't even achieve this
    Oscar award winning your shit, I'm bored with it
    Stop copy-catting son
    (Why?)
    'Cause your dog did it
    Get your own lingo, make up your own jingle
    Ten years later you be bitin' my single
    Primo, take it downtown, swing it
    Intervenin' on the board, sensimil steamin', yeah
    Catch the vibe like a tribal dance
    In the clubs on the low with the boy stance
    Money rubbin' with a shorty got bumped by a chump
    Tell him, step off, I'm doin' the hump, yeah
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way you bound to get dropped
    Some wish that I was gone 'cause they know I'ma win
    In a minute, I'll be makin' six G's times ten
    I'm the computer, printin' out data take notes
    Then analyze the information and press send
    Freaky like porno, Ron Jeremy saw no
    Obstacle or pussy to stop him from bonin' a hoe
    Me and the mic double trouble
    Chicks look at us like twins, all lovable and huggable
    Prognosis, on the, mic I choke out
    Had the same effects from coughin', blowin' smoke out
    Architect, rap technician, man listen
    It's no doubt you gonna pump this in your system
    My skills ill and all of that above
    Confidence, I'm not worried 'bout a street buzz
    I'm O.C., who you? I never heard of ya
    Get out my face 'fore I turn into a motherfuckin' murderer
    I want the green like indo, a mansion, a car
    A wife who's never been a bimbo
    Too much to ask, well, to me that's simple
    Wanna retire on a yacht called the S. S. Minnow
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    Top choice, this here nigga got poise
    Ain't a man alive who could stop my noise
    I snatch a star from the sky, spark up your lye
    You stand astounded wonderin' how I did it
    Now you're star struck, like I truck gold
    Treatin' me like a nigga havin' a million records sold
    Now a star child, phenomenon like the X-Files
    Rappers know I'm comin' so they go in exile
    Czar in this rap shit, comin' on your mattress
    Microphone fiend, I make beats do back flips
    Fear me like genocide, serious
    How I do it through your stereo, mysterious
    O.C. do demolition, nil competition
    Like robot Kong on a destroy mission
    A matter of life and death you try to fight for breath
    I snatch your heart from a slice through your chest
    Who the best from New York to Bogota?
    Who got face thinkin' they scare me with a scar, shit?
    What I be bringin' is a terrible sight
    A performance never again performed on the mic
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped
    I say it's my world and I won't stop
    And if you stand in my way, you bound to get dropped




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