Hydrolase

In biochemistry, a hydrolase /ˈhaɪdrəleɪz/ is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:

Nomenclature

Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "substrate hydrolase." However, common names are typically in the form "substratease." For example, a nuclease is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids.

Classification

Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:

EC 3.1: ester bonds (esterases: nucleases, phosphodiesterases, lipase, phosphatase)

EC 3.2: sugars (DNA glycosylases, glycoside hydrolase)

EC 3.3: ether bonds

EC 3.4: peptide bonds (Proteases/peptidases)

EC 3.5: carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds

EC 3.6 acid anhydrides (acid anhydride hydrolases, including helicases and GTPase)

EC 3.7 carbon-carbon bonds

EC 3.8 halide bonds

EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

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