Frame (artificial intelligence)

Frames were proposed by Marvin Minsky in his 1974 article "A Framework for Representing Knowledge." A frame is an artificial intelligence data structure used to divide knowledge into substructures by representing "stereotyped situations." Frames are the primary data structure used in artificial intelligence Frame languages.

Frames are also an extensive part of knowledge representation and reasoning schemes. Frames were originally derived from semantic networks and are therefore part of structure based knowledge representations. According to Russell and Norvig's "Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach," structural representations assemble "...facts about particular object and even types and arrange the types into a large taxonomic hierarchy analogous to a biological taxonomy."

Frame structure

The frame contains information on how to use the frame, what to expect next, and what to do when these expectations are not met. Some information in the frame is generally unchanged while other information, stored in "terminals," usually change. Different frames may share the same terminals.

Frames (Oceansize album)

Frames is the third studio album by British progressive rock band Oceansize, released on 1 October 2007 on Superball Music. The album marks the first appearance of bassist Steven Hodson, following the departure of Jon Ellis in 2005.

In May 2008, the band re-released the album with an accompanying DVD, featuring a full performance of the album, a documentary focusing on the making of the album, and various live tracks. The package also includes an Oceansize sticker.

The band played the album in full on 18 October 2008 in Manchester as part of a trilogy of shows that celebrated the band's ten-year anniversary.

Vocalist/guitarist Mike Vennart states that:

Background

The album features "a lot of songs about grudges and negative energy”, with the song "Commemorative 9/11 T-Shirt", inspired by a gift to Vennart by band Cardiacs, which includes a time signature of "11/8 or 9/8, so when we were naming the song it was like 'it's in 11, it's in 9, it's got to be 9/11",

Regarding the album, Vennart states that:

Frame (linear algebra)

In linear algebra, a frame of an inner product space is a generalization of a basis of a vector space to sets that may be linearly dependent. In the terminology of signal processing, a frame provides a redundant, stable way of representing a signal. Frames are used in error detection and correction and the design and analysis of filter banks and more generally in applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Definition and motivation

Motivating example: computing a basis from a linearly dependent set

Suppose we have a set of vectors in the vector space V and we want to express an arbitrary element as a linear combination of the vectors , that is, we want to find coefficients such that

If the set does not span , then such coefficients do not exist for every such . If spans and also is linearly independent, this set forms a basis of , and the coefficients are uniquely determined by . If, however, spans but is not linearly independent, the question of how to determine the coefficients becomes less apparent, in particular if is of infinite dimension.

Earth technology in Stargate

In the Stargate fictional universe, the humans of Earth have developed many advanced technologies based on what SG teams have brought back from trips to other planets through the Stargate. Earth has also benefitted from technical knowledge provided by friendly alien races, such as the Asgard and the Tok'ra.

Real or semi-real technology

The producers of Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis collaborated closely with the United States Air Force. The USAF is portrayed in a positive light in the series; as a result the franchise received access to USAF weaponry and fighter jets. The Oregon Air National Guard 173rd FW from Kingsley Field in Klamath Falls, OR provided F-15 fighter jets for the movie Stargate: Continuum. The FN P90 was the favoured weapon of SG-1, and replaced the Heckler & Koch MP5 that was used until season 4 of Stargate SG-1. The P90 is also used by teams on Stargate Atlantis. In seasons 9 and 10 of SG1, the teams can be seen using other firearms, including the G36 and MP7. All personnel appear to be issued the Beretta 92, which they used throughout the series.

Petit (EP)

Petit is an EP by Japanese singer-songwriter Ua, released on October 21, 1995. Like its lead single, Petit also failed to chart on the Oricon charts. The EP was re-issued on September 22, 2005.

Track listing

All lyrics written by Ua. 

References

External links

Official website

Horizon (general relativity)

There are several types of spacetime horizons that play a role in Einstein's theory of general relativity: