Honne and tatemae

Honne and tatemae are Japanese words that describe the contrast between a person's true feelings and desires (本音, honne) and the behavior and opinions one displays in public (建前, tatemae, lit. "façade").

Honne may be contrary to what is expected by society or what is required according to one's position and circumstances, and they are often kept hidden, except with one's closest friends. Tatemae is what is expected by society and required according to one's position and circumstances, and these may or may not match one's honne. These terms are equivalent to the common concept of public and private face which is a part of all cultures.

The honne–tatemae divide is considered by some to be of paramount importance in Japanese culture.

Cause

Some analysts see honne and tatemae as a cultural necessity resulting from a large number of people living in a comparatively small island nation. Close-knit co-operation and the avoidance of conflict are considered to be of vital importance in everyday life. For this reason, the Japanese tend to go to great lengths to avoid conflict, especially within the context of large groups.