HMGN
HMGN stands for High Mobility Group Nucleosome-binding. HMGN proteins are members of the broader class of High mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins that help in transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair.
Though identified more than 30 years back, little is known about the actual role of these basic proteins. There are several types of HMGN proteins; N1, N2, N3, N4 & N5. Many of these are conserved among the higher eukaryotes.
HMGNs are non-histone proteins, which associate with nucleosomes to control transcription of genes. HMGNs control transcription by altering the interaction of histone H1 with nucleosomes to maintain a decondensed chromatin structure.
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HMGN4
High mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 4 is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the HMGN4 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the HMGN protein family, is thought to reduce the compactness of the chromatin fiber in nucleosomes, thereby enhancing transcription from chromatin templates. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene.
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References
Further reading
HMGN1
Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGN1 gene.
Function
Chromosomal protein HMG14 and its close analog HMG17 (MIM 163910) bind to the inner side of the nucleosomal DNA, potentially altering the interaction between the DNA and the histone octamer. The 2 proteins may be involved in the process that maintains transcribable genes in a unique chromatin conformation. Their ubiquitous distribution and relative abundance, as well as the high evolutionary conservation of the DNA-binding domain of the HMG14 family of proteins, suggest that they may be involved in an important cellular function.[supplied by OMIM]
Interactions
HMGN1 has been shown to interact with YWHAZ.
