Heroic nudity

Heroic nudity or ideal nudity is a concept in classical scholarship to describe the use of nudity in classical sculpture to indicate that a sculpture's apparently mortal human subject is in fact a hero or semi-divine being. This convention began in archaic and classical Greece and was later adopted by Hellenistic and Roman sculpture. This concept operated for women as well as for men, with females having themselves portrayed as Venus and other goddesses. Particularly in Roman examples like the Tivoli General or Delos "Pseudo-Athlete", this could lead to an odd juxtaposition of a hyper-realistic portrait bust in the Roman style (warts-and-all for the men, or with an elaborate hairstyle for the women) with an idealised god-like body in the Greek style.

As a concept, it has been modified since its inception, with other types of nudity now recognised in classical sculpture—e.g., the pathetic nudity of brave but defeated barbarian enemies like the Dying Gaul.Tonio Hölscher has even rejected the concept entirely for Greek art of the 4th century BC and earlier.