Haustorium
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) or of the root of a parasitic plant (such as the broomrape family or mistletoe) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. Haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the plant's cell membrane itself.
Fungi in all major divisions form haustoria. Haustoria take several forms. Generally, on penetration, the fungus increases the surface area in contact with host plasma membrane releasing enzymes that break down the cell wall, enabling greater potential movement of organic carbon from host to fungus. Thus, an insect hosting a parasitic fungus such as Cordyceps may look as though it is being "eaten from the inside out" as the haustoria expand inside of it.
Functional exchange takes place within the haustorial complex. The host supplies organic carbon to the fungus, and the metabolic activity within the complex is considerably greater than outside. Carbon from the host is absorbed by the fungus, and transported to the rest of the thallus. The host plant appears to be functioning according to signals from the fungus and the complex appears to be under the control of the invader.
Podcasts:
-
by Mos Def
Historym
by: Mos DefKweli say, Everybody act according to the season that they born in
Some in the night some in the morning
Some at noon
Some in winter some in June
Its all cool,its a natural
The science is a jewel
For me and mines yours and you, let's move
tell ya little brother I'm out
Yo, I was born in a season where the world was quite and cold.
Celebrations were going on.
Some were happy, some were sad, some felt bad from being good, some felt good from being bad.
The feelings past and changed but they never leave, they here to stay.
Holiday holiday happy birthday teenage love the first cut run deep.
So long flesh this is the brooklyn streeets.
Year of the ox, 7 and 3 MD,the history.
Every soul's got one of these.
It's where you been and where you be.
And without understanding you cannot proceed complete
It start then it end
Then it just go 'round again, again.
Again and again brand new.
Again and again so fresh.
Again and again newness.
[Kweli]
I was born in the decade of decadence where they worshiped what they have.
Ford was president do the math.
The war was ended when the North Vietnamese
Stormed the city of Saigon.
We was like bye we was gone.
Let bygons be bygons.
I'm gone spread love it's the brooklyn way.
Where they hug you with the firearms sidearm.
Like new school clothes, Black Star official.
Smash when we do the shows.
Facts no mystery.
I'm down with the crew like Mussolini in Italy.
I rock with the Roots like the giving tree.
Powerful bigotry at work.
Me and my people got history rappers dumb it down considerably.
We get it poppin' like a hit chorus.
The flow is historic.
They can't get rid of us,
Ubiquitous.
And we lay the law like Leviticus.
Ten years ago we made history so they missin' us.
[Mos]
And don't call it a comback in particular
Even if it blend into ephemera
Or fade into peripheral
Transition of the minister's original
We're broadcast clear without diminishing
Black Star, stove top burners
Soul temperatures, administers, alkalines, aminos and minerals essentials
Served over Dilla time signatures
It's miracle material