Hashmal

Hashmallim (singular Hashmal) are angelic entities in both Judaism and Christianity.

They appear in the Hebrew Bible in Ezekiel 1:4:

Hashmallim occupy the fourth rank of ten in Maimonides's exposition of the Jewish angelic hierarchy. Hashmallim also appear in the Christian angelic hierarchy.

The Septuagint translates "hashmal" to "elektron," which means "amber" in English. Francis Bacon coined the English word "electricity" to describe the static electric effect of rubbing amber with cloth. Later, "hashmal" became the modern Hebrew word that translates to the English word "electricity." Jewish poet Judah Leib Gordon coined the modern Hebrew word.

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