Nav'

The Nawie or Nawki in Polish, the Mavka (Navka, Nyavka, Zalozhnі mertsі) in Ukrainian, or simply Nav' in other Slavic languages are ghosts or the souls of persons that had met a tragic or premature death, particularly unchristened babies. In Slavic mythology, Nawie exist in the underworld called Nawia.

In Ukrainian mythology, Mavka is a type of mermaids with long flaxen hair. The name Mavka derives from Nav’ (Navka), which means "the embodiment of death." Mavky (plural) do not have a full body, have no reflection in water, do not cast shadows, and have no back, and so their insides can be seen.

The traditional view is that Mavky live in the woods of Galicia (Ukraine) and the Carpathians. Mavky symbolize the souls of children who were born dead or died unbaptized. They often appear in the form of beautiful young girls dancing and singing to lure young men into the woods where they would tickle them to death and chop their heads off.

To save a baby's soul, one had to throw up a kerchief during Trinity holidays, say a name and add "I baptize you". A rescued soul would then go to heaven. If a soul lived up to seven years and did not go to heaven, a baby would turn into a mermaid or a Mavka and would haunt people.

NAV

NAV or Nav may refer to:

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Nav1.7

Na_v1.7 is a sodium ion channel that in humans is encoded by the SCN9A gene. It is usually expressed at high levels in two types of neurons, the nociceptive (pain) neurons at dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion, and sympathetic ganglion neurons, which are part of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system.

Function

Na_v1.7 is a voltage-gated sodium channel and plays a critical role in the generation and conduction of action potentials and is thus important for electrical signaling by most excitable cells. Na_v1.7 is present at the endings of pain-sensing nerves, the nociceptors, close to the region where the impulse is initiated. Stimulation of the nociceptor nerve endings produces "generator potentials", which are small changes in the voltage across the neuronal membranes. The Na_v1.7 channel amplifies these membrane depolarizations, and when the membrane potential difference reaches a specific threshold, the neuron fires. In sensory neurons, multiple voltage-dependent sodium currents can be differentiated by their voltage dependence and by sensitivity to the voltage-gated sodium-channel blocker tetrodotoxin. The Na_v1.7 channel produces a rapidly activating and inactivating current which is sensitive to the level of tetrodotoxin. Na_v1.7 is important in the early phases of neuronal electrogenesis. Na_v1.7 activity consists of a slow transition of the channel into an inactive state when it is depolarized, even to a minor degree. This property allows these channels to remain available for activation with even small or slowly developing depolarizations. Stimulation of the nociceptor nerve endings produces "generator potentials", small changes in the voltage across the neuronal membranes. This brings neurons to a voltage that stimulate Na_v1.8, which has a more depolarized activation threshold that produces most of the transmembrane current responsible for the depolarizing phase of action potentials.

Haribo

Haribo (/ˈhærᵻboʊ/ HARR-i-boh) is a German confectionery company, founded in 1920 by Johannes "Hans" Riegel, Sr. It is headquartered in Bonn and the name comes from an abbreviation of Hans Riegel, Bonn.

Haribo is one of the biggest manufacturers of gummy and jelly sweets in the world, with its products mainly consisting of gummy bears, other jelly sweets and liquorice. The company has five factories in Germany and 13 throughout the rest of Europe, and sales offices in almost every country in Europe, as well as in the United States and Australia.

The Landesmuseum Koblenz created a traveling exhibition about the history of Haribo in 2006.

History

Haribo made the first gummy candy in 1922 when Hans Riegel, Sr. invented the first Gummibärchen (little gummy bears). After Hans Riegel, Sr. died during World War II, his son, also named Hans Riegel, took over the company. Over the years, Haribo has expanded its operations, taking over many local confectionery manufacturers in countries all over the world. It began international expansion in the 1960s and entered American markets in the 1980s. It currently operates 15 factories which produce over 100 million gummy bears per day.