Hardwood

Hardwood is wood from dicot angiosperm trees. The term may also be used for the trees from which the wood is derived; these are usually broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).

Hardwood should not be confused with the term "heartwood", which can be from hardwood or softwood.

Characteristics

Hardwoods are produced by angiosperm trees that reproduce by flowers, and have broad leaves. Many species are deciduous. Those of temperate regions lose their leaves every autumn as temperatures fall and are dormant in the winter, but those of tropical regions may shed their leaves in response to seasonal or sporadic periods of drought. Hardwood from deciduous species, such as oak, normally shows annual growth rings, but these may be absent in some tropical hardwoods.

Hardwoods have a more complex structure than softwoods and are often much slower growing as a result. The dominant feature separating "hardwoods" from softwoods is the presence of pores, or vessels. The vessels may show considerable variation in size, shape of perforation plates (simple, scalariform, reticulate, foraminate), and structure of cell wall, such as spiral thickenings.

Hardwood (disambiguation)

The term hardwood is used to describe wood from non-monocot angiosperm trees. It can also refer to:

Hardwood should not be confused with the term 'heartwood'.

Hardwood (film)

Hardwood is a 2005 short documentary film about Canadian director Hubert Davis' relationship to his father, former Harlem Globetrotters member Mel Davis. Through interviews with his mother, his father's wife, his half-brother, and Mel Davis himself, Hubert Davis explores why Mel made the decisions that he did, and how that has affected his life.

Hardwood was met with high critical acclaim and received an Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject nomination. It also aired on PBS as part of its Point of View series in 2005.

References

External links

Immersion

Immersion may refer to:

Immersion (album)

Immersion is the third studio album by Australian band Pendulum. The album was announced in early 2009, with the name being confirmed in December 2009. The album was released 21 May 2010 in Australia and Ireland, and 24 May for the rest of the world, followed by a UK tour of the album. In January 2010 Pendulum hosted the album preview Ear Storm event at Matter in London in which many top DJs performed sets of their own with Pendulum being the headliners.

The album was finished on 18 April 2010 and mastered by Brian Gardner at Bernie Grundman Mastering Studios in Los Angeles.

Immersion peaked at number 1 in the UK Official Top 40 charts in its first week of release.

The album features collaborations with Liam Howlett of The Prodigy, Steven Wilson of Porcupine Tree and the Swedish melodic death metal band In Flames.

Track listing

B-side

The track "Ransom" was originally included in the album but it was later dropped as it "didn't fit the sound of the album". The band later stated that "Ransom will be either released as a free download to fans or a B-side but it will definitely see the light of day".Rob Swire later stated that "Ransom" won't be released because he found the song to be "boring" after the intro, however that most of the project files for the song were corrupted when his MacBook hard drive malfunctioned. However on 6 April 2011, "Ransom" was released as a download only single on the group's website in aid of Japan's earthquake appeal, and entered the UK Singles Chart at no. 193 the following week.

Immersion baptism

Immersion baptism (also known as baptism by immersion or baptism by submersion) is a method of baptism that is distinguished from baptism by affusion (pouring) and by aspersion (sprinkling), sometimes without specifying whether the immersion is total or partial, but very commonly with the indication that the person baptized is immersed completely. The term is also, though less commonly, applied exclusively to modes of baptism that involve only partial immersion (see Terminology, below)

Terminology

Baptism by immersion is understood by some to imply submersion of the whole body beneath the surface of the water.

Others speak of baptismal immersion as either complete or partial, and do not find it tautologous to describe a particular form of immersion baptism as "full" or "total".

Still others use the term "immersion baptism" to mean a merely partial immersion by dipping the head in the water or by pouring water over the head of a person standing in a baptismal pool, and use instead for baptism that involves total immersion of the body beneath the water the term "submersion baptism".