High-resolution computed tomography

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is computed tomography (CT) with high resolution. It is used in the diagnosis of various health problems, though most commonly for lung disease. It involves the use of special computed tomography scanning techniques to assess the lung parenchyma.

Technique

HRCT is performed using a conventional CT scanner. However, imaging parameters are chosen so as to maximize spatial resolution:

UCSF ILD Program Protocol for High-Resolution CT Scanning of the Chest

  • A narrow slice width is used (usually 1–2 mm)
  • A high spatial resolution image reconstruction algorithm is used
  • Field of view is minimized, so as to minimize the size of each pixel
  • Other scan factors (e.g. focal spot) may be optimized for resolution at the expense of scan speed

    • Depending on the suspected diagnosis, the scan may be performed in both inspiration and expiration. The patient may also lie prone (face down) rather than the more usual supine (face up).

    As HRCT's aim is to assess a generalized lung disease, the test is conventionally performed by taking thin sections 10–40 mm apart. The result is a few images that should be representative of the lungs in general, but that cover only approximately one tenth of the lungs.

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