High Performance File System
HPFS or High Performance File System is a file system created specifically for the OS/2 operating system to improve upon the limitations of the FAT file system. It was written by Gordon Letwin and others at Microsoft and added to OS/2 version 1.2, at that time still a joint undertaking of Microsoft and IBM, and released in 1988.
Among its improvements are:
support for mixed case file names, in different code pages
support for long file names (255 characters as opposed to FAT's 8.3 characters)
more efficient use of disk space (files are not stored using multiple-sector clusters but on a per-sector basis)
an internal architecture that keeps related items close to each other on the disk volume
less fragmentation of data
extent-based space allocation
separate datestamps for last modification, last access, and creation (as opposed to FAT's last modification-only datestamp)
a B+ tree structure for directories
root directory located at the midpoint, rather than beginning of the disk, for faster average access