Hox gene

Hox genes (also known as homeotic genes) are a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the cranio-caudal (head-tail) axis. After the embryonic segments have formed, the Hox proteins determine the type of segment structures (e.g. legs, antennae, and wings in fruit flies or the different types of vertebrae in humans) that will form on a given segment. Hox proteins thus confer segmental identity, but do not form the actual segments themselves.

Hox genes are defined as having the following properties:

Their protein product is a transcription factor

They contain a DNA sequence known as the homeobox

In many animals, the organization of the Hox genes in the chromosome is the same as the order of their expression along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing animal, and are thus said to display colinearity.

Hox genes code for transcription factors

The products of Hox genes are Hox proteins. Hox proteins are transcription factors, which are proteins that are capable of binding to specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA called enhancers where they either activate or repress genes. The same Hox protein can act as a repressor at one gene and an activator at another. The ability of Hox proteins to bind DNA is conferred by a part of the protein referred to as the homeodomain. The homeodomain is a 60-amino-acid-long DNA-binding domain (encoded by its corresponding 180-base-pair DNA sequence, the homeobox). This amino acid sequence folds into a "helix-turn-helix" (i.e. homeodomain fold) motif that is stabilized by a third helix. The consensus polypeptide chain is (typical intron position noted with dashes):

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Gene

A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.

Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair colour gene") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.

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Genes (journal)

Genes is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal that is published quarterly by MDPI. The editor-in-chief is J. Peter W. Young (University of York).

Aims and Scope

Genes (ISSN 2073-4425) provides an advanced forum for studies related to genes, genetics and genomics. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and technical notes. There is no restriction on the length of the papers and we encourage scientists to publish their results in as much detail as possible. This journal covers all topics related to genes, genetics and genomics including, but not limited to:

DNA; RNA

genetic code; gene structure; gene expression

chromosomes; recombination and linkage; genetic mapping

transcriptional profiling; analysis of noncoding and other RNAs

cloning; genetically modified organisms

human genetics; medical genetics; gene therapy; personal medicine

population genetics; conservation genetics; phylogenomics; phylogenetics

genome projects; genomics

sequencing technologies; bioinformatics

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Genes (season 2)

Genes is a Tamil game show on Zee Tamil. The show second season was launched on 18 November 2015 and airs weekly on every Sunday 8:00PM IST. The show is hosted by Tamil Actress Roja. The second season has four interesting rounds 1+1=3, Celebrity Round, Anniyan and Vilayadu Mangatha. The couple starts off the show well and play the game enthusiastically.