High mobility group box 1 protein, also known as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and amphoterin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB1 gene.
HMG-1 belongs to high mobility group and contains HMG-box domain.
Like the histones, HMGB1 is among the most important chromatin proteins. In the nucleus HMGB1 interacts with nucleosomes, transcription factors, and histones. This nuclear protein organizes the DNA and regulates transcription. After binding, HMGB1 bends DNA, which facilitates the binding of other proteins. HMGB1 supports transcription of many genes in interactions with many transcription factors. It also interacts with nucleosomes to loosen packed DNA and remodel the chromatin. Contact with core histones changes the structure of nucleosomes.
The presence of HMGB1 in the nucleus depends on posttranslational modifications. When the protein is not acetylated, it stays in the nucleus, but hyperacetylation on lysine residues causes it to translocate into the cytosol.
THERE'S TWO LITTLE MEN, WHO ARE FIGHTING A WAR
THEY CAN'T STOP IT NOW, IT'S BEEN TEN YEARS MAYBE MORE
ONE IS SMALL AND DEVIOUS, WITH HURT ON HIS MIND
THE OTHER BIG AND STRONG, WITH PRIDE ON HIS SIDE
ONE PLAYS DIRTY, HE'LL DO ANYTHING TO WIN
THE OTHER FENDS OFF THE ATTACKS, AGAIN AND AGAIN
THE BATTLEGROUNDS ARE SCARRED, TORN TO PIECES
RIPPED TO SHREDS
NEITHER CAN CLAIM VICTORY, TILL THE OTHER ONE IS DEAD
THERE'S TWO LITTLE MEN, WHO ARE KILLING A BOY
THEY'RE TREATING THE BOY, AS IF THE BOY WERE A TOY
EACH ONE HAS AN EAR, TO HAVE AND TO HOLD
THEIR GRIP IS TOO TIGHT, THEIR GRIP IS SO COLD
TWO LITTLE MEN - ONE BIG AND ONE SMALL
TWO LITTLE MEN - IN THE MIDDLE OF A WAR
TWO LITTLE MEN - AND I CAN'T SEE YOU
TWO LITTLE MEN - I'M USING AS A METAPHOR