Histone deacetylase 2

Histone deacetylase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC2 gene.

Function

This gene product belongs to the histone deacetylase family. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes and are responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal region of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). This protein also forms transcriptional repressor complexes by associating with many different proteins, including YY1, a mammalian zinc-finger transcription factor. Thus it plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events.

Interactions

Histone deacetylase 2 has been shown to interact with:

HDAC8

Histone deacetylase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC8 gene.

Function

Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation / deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class I of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter.

Histone deacetylase 8 is involved in skull morphogenesis and metabolic control of the ERR-alpha / PGC1-alpha transcriptional complex.

Clinical significance

HDAC8 has been linked to number of disease states notably to acute myeloid leukemia and is related to actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells. siRNA targeting HDAC8 showed anticancer effects. Inhibition of HDAC8 induced apoptosis has been observed in T cell lymphomas. In addition the HDAC8 enzyme has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. Therefore, there has been interest in developing HDAC8 selective inhibitors.

HDAC6

Histone deacetylase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC6 gene.

Function

Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromatin structure and affects transcription. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It contains an internal duplication of two catalytic domains that appear to function independently of each other. This protein possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription.

Clinical relevance

Mutations in this gene have been associated to Alzheimer's disease.

Over expression of this protein correlates with tumorigenesis and cell survival, HDAC6 also encourages metastasis of cancer cells.

Functions

Retracts the Cilium of the cell, which is necessary prior to mitosis of the cell.

HDAC also encourages cell motility and catalyzes α-tubulin deacetylation. as a result the enzyme also encourages cancer cell metastasis.
HDAC6 also affects transcription and translation by regulating the heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and stress granules (SGs), respectively.