Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract, also known as the gut or alimentary canal, is a tube by which bilaterian animals (including humans) transfer food to the digestion organs. In large bilaterians, the gastrointestinal tract generally also has an exit, the anus, by which the animal disposes of solid wastes. Some small bilaterians have no anus and dispose of solid wastes by other means (for example, through the mouth).

Animals that have gastrointestinal tracts are classified as either protostomes or deuterostomes. The digestive tract evolved separately in these two clades, an example of convergent evolution. The clades are distinguished based on their embryonic development: protostomes develop their mouths first, while deuterostomes develop their mouths second. Protostomes include arthropods, molluscs, and annelids, while deuterostomes include echinoderms and chordates.

The gastrointestinal tract contains thousands of different bacteria, but humans can be divided into three main groups based on those most prominent in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Zoology

Zoology (/zoʊˈɒlədʒi/, zoh-OL-luh-jee) or animal biology is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōon, i.e. "animal" and λόγος, logos, i.e. "knowledge, study".

History

Ancient history to Darwin

The history of zoology traces the study of the animal kingdom from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of zoology as a single coherent field arose much later, the zoological sciences emerged from natural history reaching back to the works of Aristotle and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world. This ancient work was further developed in the Middle Ages by Muslim physicians and scholars such as Albertus Magnus. During the Renaissance and early modern period, zoological thought was revolutionized in Europe by a renewed interest in empiricism and the discovery of many novel organisms. Prominent in this movement were Vesalius and William Harvey, who used experimentation and careful observation in physiology, and naturalists such as Carl Linnaeus and Buffon who began to classify the diversity of life and the fossil record, as well as the development and behavior of organisms. Microscopy revealed the previously unknown world of microorganisms, laying the groundwork for cell theory. The growing importance of natural theology, partly a response to the rise of mechanical philosophy, encouraged the growth of natural history (although it entrenched the argument from design).

Zoology (journal)

Zoology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology that was established in 1886. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Thomas G. C. Bosch (University of Kiel).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 1.596.

See also

References

External links

Zoology (album)

Zoology is the debut studio album by The Zoo and their only album with vocalist Arnel Pineda (current singer for Journey). Two singles have been hits in the Philippines since the album was released in September 2007: "Gimik" and "Pain In My Heart" (originally recorded by the band Second Wind). The album was released in the US in January of 2008.

Track listing

Personnel

Production

Gut

Gut or guts may refer to:

Anatomy

Geography

Gaming

Film and TV

Music

Gut (coastal geography)

Gut is a geographical term with two meanings:

Coastal channels

Many guts are straits but some are at a river mouths where tidal currents are strong. The comparatively large quantities of water that flow quite quickly through a gut can cause heavy erosion that results in a channel deeper than the rest of the surrounding seabed, and the currents may present a hazard to ships and boats at times.

The term "gut" is primarily (though not exclusively) applied to channels of the coastal waters of the Atlantic coast of North America. A similar term of related but not identical meaning, "gat", is applied to some narrow waterways of the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts of Europe.

Some bodies of water named "Gut" are:

Gut (journal)

Gut is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal on gastroenterology and hepatology. It is the journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology and is published by the BMJ Group. As of 2013, the editor-in-chief is Emad El-Omar.

Gut was established in 1960 and covers original research on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and biliary tract. The journal has annual supplements covering the presentations from the British Society of Gastroenterology Annual General Meeting. British Society of Gastroenterology clinical practice guidelines are also published as supplements to the journal. As of March 2010 subscribers to Gut also receive a copy of Frontline Gastroenterology.

Abstracting and indexing

Gut is abstracted and indexed by Medline, Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, Current Contents/Life Sciences, Excerpta Medica, and BIOSIS Previews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2014 impact factor is 14.666, ranking it second out of 76 journals in the category "Gastroenterology and Hepatology".