A grouser or cleat is a protrusion on the surface of a wheel or continuous track segment, intended to increase traction in soil, snow, or other loose material, in the same manner as cleated shoes provide traction to athletes. Track segments which incorporate grouser bars are known as grouser shoes, and typically include one to three grousers.[1] Grousers are commonly used on construction vehicles such as bulldozers, loaders, and excavators, as well as tanks, agricultural vehicles, and snowmobiles. They have also found use in such extreme environments as the deep sea floor, and the surfaces of the Moon and Mars.[2]
Grousers may take the form of flat plates or bars, or may take on more complex shapes, including spikes and involute curves, depending on the type of terrain and the performance requirements of the vehicle.[2][3] Unlike rubber tire treads or track shoe pads, grousers are typically made of metal, such as forged steel, and are not designed for use on paved roads.[3]
Grousers may be permanently attached to, or formed as a single piece with, the track shoe, or they may be bolted on to the track shoe for ease of replacement as they become worn.
Terramechanics [link]
Grousers function by trapping soil against the contact area of the track. It is the shearing of the soil against itself that generates tractive force. The gross tractive effort, or soil thrust, of a vehicle may be calculated from equation[4]:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): H = blc \left ( 1 + \frac{2h}{b} \right ) + W \tan \phi \left ( 1 + 0.64 \left [ \left ( \frac{h}{b} \right ) \cot^{-1} \left ( \frac{h}{b} \right ) \right ] \right )
where:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): H =
soil thrust
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): b =
track width
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): l =
contact length
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): c =
coefficient of cohesion (a soil property)
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): h =
grouser height
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): W =
gross vehicle weight
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \phi \
Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): =
angle of repose (a soil property)
References [link]
- ^ "Track Shoes". Berco of America, Inc.. https://www.bercoamerica.com/t-trackshoes.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
- ^ a b Hong, Sup; Jong-Su Choi (2001). "Experimental Study on Grouser Shape Effects on Trafficability of Extremely Soft Seabed". Proceedings of the Fourth Ocean Mining Symposium. Szczecin, Poland: The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. pp. 115–. https://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE_OMS/OMS%202001/Abstract%20pages/M01p115Hong.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
- ^ a b "Grouser Shoes". RitchieWiki. 13 October 2009. https://www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki/index.php/Grouser_Shoes. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
- ^ Gerhart, Grant; Sean Laughery, Richard Goetz (2006). Off-Road Vehicle Locomotion Using Bekker's Model. Warren, MI: United States Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center. pp. 9. https://www.msu.edu/~laughery/SPIE%202000%20paper%20rev3.doc. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
See also [link]
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