Ground bow

The ground-bow or a earth-bow is a single-string bow-shaped folk musical instrument, classified as a chordophone. It is known in cultures of equatorial and south Africa, and in other cultures with African roots. It consists of a flexible stick planted into the ground (possibly a stripped sapling or a branch), with a string from its free end to a resonator of some kind based on a pit in the ground. It looks like a game trap or a child toy, therefore its distribution over Africa used to be overlooked. Hornbostel (1933) classified is in the category of harps, although is has combined characteristics of a harp and a musical bow.

The resonator may be a pit covered by a board, with string attached to it. Kruges describes several other constructions by Venda, e.g., the other end of a string is tied to a stone dropped into the pit, with string passing through the board covering the pit, etc.

Other names include "ground harp" (Sachs, 1940, History of Musical Instruments) and ground-bass. It is called kalinga or galinga by Venda people. In their language "galinga" means simply a hole in the ground, while the origins of "kalinga" are uncertain. It is known as gayumba in Haiti,Dominican Republic, and tumbandera in Haitian traditions of Cuba.Baka people call it angbindi.

Ground (electricity)

In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.

In electrical power distribution systems, a protective ground conductor is an essential part of the safety Earthing system.

Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. In mains powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to ground to prevent user contact with dangerous voltage if electrical insulation fails. Connections to ground limit the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the earth itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor (see single-wire earth return).

For measurement purposes, the Earth serves as a (reasonably) constant potential reference against which other potentials can be measured. An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-carrying capability to serve as an adequate zero-voltage reference level. In electronic circuit theory, a "ground" is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its potential. Where a real ground connection has a significant resistance, the approximation of zero potential is no longer valid. Stray voltages or earth potential rise effects will occur, which may create noise in signals or if large enough will produce an electric shock hazard.

Ground (unit)

A ground is a unit of area used in India approximately equal to 203 square metres (2,185 ft²). After metrication in the mid-20th century, the unit is being phased out. However, it is still popular in Real Estate parlance.

One ground is commonly taken as 2400 square feet and approximately one half ground is used as a small and standard lot to construct a small individual house in small towns in India. In olden times houses used to adjoin and have common walls. In modern constructions one sees this in the construction of condominiums or so-called flats only. It is still in vogue in villages for economic reasons.

See also

References

"Ground". Sizes, grades, units, scales, calendars, chronologies. Retrieved 2007-01-20.  External link in |work= (help)

Ground (Dzogchen)

In Dzogchen Ground (Tibetan: གཞི, Wylie: gzhi ; IAST: āśraya or sthāna) is the primordial state. It is an essential component of the Dzogchen tradition for both the Bonpo and the Nyingmapa. Knowledge of this Ground is called rigpa.

Etymology

The Tibetan: གཞི, Wylie: gzhi has been rendered as 'Base', 'Basis', 'Ground' and 'Ground of Being' amongst other English glosses. According to Dudjom the original Sanskrit-term is āśraya (IAST; Sanskrit Devanagari: आश्रय; Etymology: आ- √श्रि), but it could also be sthāna.

Sam van Schaik states that gzhi is to be distinguished from kun gzhi. In the Seminal Heart series a distinction is made between kun gzhi, c.q. ālaya, "the base of it all", the samsaric basis of consciousness, of all the samsaric appearances; and gzhi, "the nirvanic basis known as the ground."

Three qualities

According to the Dzogchen-teachings, the Ground or Buddha-nature has three qualities:

Bowé

Bowé is a town and sub-prefecture in the Yomou Prefecture in the Nzérékoré Region of south-eastern Guinea.

References

Coordinates: 8°06′N 8°50′W / 8.100°N 8.833°W / 8.100; -8.833

Bow, New Hampshire

Bow is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 7,519 at the 2010 census.

History

The town was granted by the authorities of New Hampshire, to Jonathan Wiggin and others, in 1727, and was originally 9 miles (14 km) square, and covered nearly all the territory granted to Ebenezer Eastman and others, by the authorities of Massachusetts, two years previous, under the name of Pennacook (now Concord.) Massachusetts claimed to hold authority over a large portion of the territory of New Hampshire for many years, till the final boundary line was established, in 1741, giving New Hampshire more territory than it had ever claimed. These complicated lines of the two towns coming from two different authorities, were not settled decisively till after the final separation of the two states. The government of New Hampshire gave Bow the preference in its grant of 1727, and did not recognize the title of the Pennacook grantees, and in the bill giving a charter for the parish of Concord, it was worded as "taking a part of the town of Bow," etc. Although Concord was granted and surveyed before Bow, its final organization was 38 years after it. Bow gained a victory over Concord in its original title; still it was obliged to yield over two-thirds of its territory to Concord, Pembroke and Hopkinton, establishing their final boundary lines at different times, from 1759 to 1765.

Bow (rowing)

Bow is a term which has multiple meanings within the sport of rowing. It is used to refer to a rower seated in a particular position and to one side of the boat.

Bow

The "bow" or sometimes "bows" of a boat refers to the forward part of the hull, the point that is most forward when the vessel is underway. The other end of the boat is called the stern.

Bow seat

When the boat has more than one rower, the rower closest to the bow of the boat is referred to as "Bow". In coxless boats, bow is usually the person who keeps an eye on the water behind himself or herself to avoid accidents. The rower at the opposite end of the boat is referred to as stroke.

Bow side

Bow side refers to the starboard side of the boat which is on the right hand side of a cox facing forwards but on the left-hand side of a rower facing backwards. The usage derives from the tradition of having the bow rower's oar be on the starboard or right side of the boat.

In Cornish pilot gigs, the bow rower's oar is on the port (left) side and therefore bow side refers to the port side of the boat.