Gram

The gram (alternative British English spelling: gramme;SI unit symbol: g) (Greek/Latin root grámma) is a metric system unit of mass. Gram can be abbreviated as gm or g.

Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre, and at the temperature of melting ice" (later 4 °C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10⁻³ kg, which itself is defined as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.

Official SI symbol

The only unit symbol for gram that is recognised by the International System of Units (SI) is "g" following the numeric value with a space, as in "640 g". The SI does not support the use of abbreviations such as "gr" (which is the symbol for grains), "gm" or "Gm" (the SI symbol for gigametre).

History

The word gramme was adopted by the French National Convention in its 1795 decree revising the metric system as replacing the gravet introduced in 1793. Its definition remained that of the weight (poids) of a cubic centimetre of water. French gramme was taken from the Late Latin term gramma. This word, ultimately from Greek γράμμα "letter" had adopted a specialised meaning in Late Antiquity of "one twenty-fourth part of an ounce" (two oboli), corresponding to about 1.14 (modern) grams. This use of the term is found in the carmen de ponderibus et mensuris ("poem about weights and measures") composed around 400 AD. There is also evidence that the Greek γράμμα was used in the same sense at around the same time, in the 4th century, and survived in this sense into Medieval Greek, while the Latin term did not remain current in Medieval Latin and was recovered in Renaissance scholarship.

Grams (search)

Grams is a search engine for Tor based darknet markets launched in April 2014. The service allows users to search multiple markets for products like drugs and guns from a simple search interface.

The services uses a custom API to scrape listings from several markets such as Agora and others, to return search listings. The site is described by the Global Drug Policy Observatory to have "transformed how people search the hidden web".

In May 2014 the site added Gramwords, a service similar to Google's AdWords search sponsorship system for vendors. Additionally their profile system allows for cross-market vendor contact details and reviews to be held centrally.

Later that year in June the creators released Grams Flow, a clearnet to Tor redirection service serving various dark net sites and in November, a banner advertising network for Tor sites, TorAds which has not yet had much success.

'InfoDesk' allows central content and identity management for vendors, reducing the complexity of around maintaining presences on multiple markets.

28 Grams

28 Grams is the twelfth mixtape by American rapper Wiz Khalifa. It was released on May 25, 2014. Khalifa was arrested on that day for marijuana possession, after security stopped the musician at El Paso airport, Texas. He was jailed for a few hours, consequently delaying the release of the mixtape.

Reception

28 Grams was met with mixed to negative reviews from critics. Bruce Smith from HipHopDX gave the mixtape a 2 out of five, saying "Experimentation and trying new things with an art form are great. However, when the new things one tries are really just catering to popular trends, it’s less experimentation, and more imitation. Thus, 28 Grams is too all over the place, overall and it feels like too much music, too much Auto-tune, and too much music that sounds as though it was already created by someone else."

Joe Sweeney from PopMatters gave the album a 5 out of ten, saying "The rapper breaks into his Flava Flav-esque giggle toward the end, and for once, it feels earned."

Track listing