Graham Island (Sicily)
Isola Ferdinandea in Italian, also known as Graham Island (Graham Bank or Graham Shoal), is a submerged volcanic island discovered when it last appeared on August 1, 1831, by Humphrey Senhouse, the captain of the Royal Navy flagship St Vincent and named after Sir James Graham, the First Lord of the Admiralty. It was claimed by the United Kingdom. It forms part of the underwater volcano Empedocles, 30 km (19 mi) south of Sicily, and which is one of a number of submarine volcanoes known as the Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia. Currently a seamount, eruptions have raised it above sea level several times before erosion submerged it again. When it last rose above sea level after erupting in 1831, a four-way dispute over its sovereignty began, which was still unresolved when it disappeared beneath the waves again in early 1832. During its brief life, the French geologist Constant Prévost was on hand, accompanied by an artist, to witness it in July 1831; he named it Île Julia, for its July appearance, and reported in the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. Some observers at the time wondered if a chain of mountains would spring up, linking Sicily to Tunisia and thus upsetting the geopolitics of the region. More recently, it has shown signs of volcanic activity in 2000 and 2002, forecasting a possible appearance; however, as of 2014 it remains 6 m (20 ft) under sea level.