Gas oil separation plant

A Gas-oil separation package (GOSP) is a "package" used in the upstream oil industry. The package is fitted the well head after the choke valve and before the production manifold, and separates the crude oil from sediments, solids and sand (below using a filter) and gases and condensates to allow the crude to be pumped on the pipeline.

Beware that water need not be separated, causing the need to add chemicals so that the crude and water emulsifies. This process is then reversed at storage by adding demulsifiers that makes the water fall out, and can be tapped from the bottom of the tank. The gas and condensate are pumped on designated pipelines for this, while the sand and sediments require special handling. A gas/oil and water separator is called a 3-stage separator.

After storage of the crude this can be sold to refineries, that then produce the fuels, chemicals and energy we consume.

Reasons for processing

Pressure

The raw crude often leaves the well head under very high pressure. Production pressures of greater than 23,000 pounds per square inch (1,600 atm) is not uncommon. The high pressure is dampened at the choke valve (or "Blow-out preventer" - BOP) that is the only equipment on the rig before the GOSP - or "3-stage Separator". Modern oil recovery may place a hydro-cyclone to replace the GOSP, allowing the water to be removed immediately and re-injected into the well. The cyclone will vary the rotation according to the water content and can also separate condensate from the gas where separate storage can be provided for the products close to the production well (e.g. on offshore platforms).

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TCM

TCM may refer to:

Chemistry and physics

Theory of Condensed Matter group, a theoretical physics research group in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge

Tetrachloromethane, an organic compound also known as carbon tetrachloride

Trichloromethane or chloroform, a solvent and former anaesthetic

Companies

Teledyne Continental Motors, an American engine manufacturing company

Toshiba Consumer Marketing Corporation, a division of Toshiba

Transportas Companhia de Macau, a bus company in Macau

Computing and telecommunications

Thermal Conduction Module, by IBM

Tightly-coupled memory, memory which resides directly on the processor of a computer, see multiprocessing

Time Compression Multiplex, a time division duplex scheme

Toolkit for Conceptual Modeling, a collection of software tools to present specifications of software systems in the form of diagrams, tables, trees, and the like

Trellis coded modulation, a signal modulation scheme for telecommunications

Places

McChord Field, Washington state, United States (IATA airport code: TCM)

.22 TCM

The 22TCM (.22 Tuason Craig Micromagnum) is a proprietary bottle-necked cartridge developed by Fred Craig and Rock Island Armory. Before the cartridge was commercialized, it was called the 22 Micro-Mag. Standard factory loads are 40-grain jacketed soft hollow point. Armscor has announced a new round the 22TCM9R which will be the same case as the 22TCM but have an overall length of the 9×19mm round. The company plans to release this round in summer of 2015 with a Glock 22TCM9R conversion slide to allow the 22TCM to fit in a 9mm length magazine, hence the "9R" designation. The 22TCM9R will in fact still be a 39 grain bullet but will be a fully jacketed hollow point instead.

The 22TCM is based on the 5.56×45mm NATO case, shortened so that the shoulder is at approximately the same length as a .38 Super cartridge. The cartridge is designed to feed from a Para-Ordnance-style double-column .38 Super magazine. Currently only Rock Island Armory catalogs firearms chambered in 22TCM: a 1911 style semi-auto pistol (also available with optional additional 9mm barrel and recoil spring), and a bolt-action rifle (which reportedly can use the same magazines as the pistols); and only Armscor (the parent company of Rock Island Armory) manufactures ammunition.

Turner Classic Movies (UK and Ireland)

Turner Classic Movies (commonly abbreviated as TCM) is a subscription digital television channel featuring classic movies, mostly from the Turner Entertainment and Warner Bros. film libraries, which include many MGM, United Artists, RKO and Warner Bros. titles. This version of the channel is available in the United States, United Kingdom, France (TCM Cinéma), Spain (Canal TCM), Nordic countries, Middle East and Africa with relevant subtitles and localised advertising.

History

It was launched in 1999, when its predecessor, TNT, dropped its film programming to become a general entertainment channel. Its penetration increased when it took over TNT's space on various platforms on 1 July 2000.

Unlike other versions of Turner Classic Movies and the other Turner channels in the UK, Turner Classic Movies UK was for a long time broadcast free-to-air. The channel became encrypted in January 2004 when it joined Sky's subscription packages.

In 2009, Turner Classic Movies received a graphical makeover and a new logo in an attempt to attract a younger audience. With the makeover several new films were added to the channel's catalogue. A high definition version of the channel launched on 4 September 2012, at the same time the standard definition version began broadcasting in 16:9 widescreen, whereas Turner Classic Movies 2 continued to be broadcast in 4:3.