Gliese 581 e
Extrasolar planet List of extrasolar planets
Exoplanet Comparison Gliese 581 e.png
Size comparison of Gliese 581 e with Earth.
(Based on selected hypothetical modeled compositions)
Parent star
Star Gliese 581
Constellation Libra
Right ascension (α) 15h 19m 26s
Declination (δ) −07° 43′ 20″
Apparent magnitude (mV) 10.55
Distance 20.3 ± 0.3 ly
(6.2 ± 0.1 pc)
Spectral type M3V
Mass (m) 0.31 M☉
Radius (r) 0.29 R☉
Temperature (T) 3480 ± 48 K
Metallicity [Fe/H] -0.33 ± 0.12
Age 7 – 11 Gyr
Orbital elements
Epoch JD 2451409.762[1]
Semimajor axis (a) 0.0284533 ± 0.0000023[1] AU
Eccentricity (e) 0[1]
Orbital period (P) 3.14867 ± 0.00039[1] d
(0.0086 y)
    (75.57 h)
Mean anomaly (M) 267 ± 40[1]°
Semi-amplitude (K) 1.66 ± 0.19[1] m/s
Physical characteristics
Minimum mass (m sin i) 1.7 ± 0.2[1] M⊕
Discovery information
Discovery date 21 April 2009
Discoverer(s) Mayor et al.
Detection method Radial velocity
Discovery site La Silla Observatory, Chile
Discovery status Published[2]
Database references
Extrasolar Planets
Encyclopaedia		 data
SIMBAD data

Gliese 581 e (play /ˈɡliːzə/) or Gl 581 e is an extrasolar planet found around Gliese 581, an M3V red dwarf star approximately 20.5 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Libra. It is the fourth planet discovered in the system and the first in order from the star.

The planet was discovered by an Observatory of Geneva team led by Michel Mayor, using the HARPS instrument on the European Southern Observatory 3.6 m (140 in) telescope in La Silla, Chile. The discovery was announced on 21 April 2009. Mayor's team employed the radial velocity technique, in which the orbit size and mass of a planet are determined based on the small perturbations it induces in its parent star's orbit via gravity.[2]

Artist concept of Gliese 581 e

At a minimum mass of 1.7 Earth masses,[1] it is one of the least-massive extrasolar planet discovered around a normal star, and thus the closest in mass to Earth. At an orbital distance of just 0.03 AU from its parent star, however, it orbits further in than the habitable zone. It is unlikely to possess an atmosphere due to its high temperature and strong radiation from the star. Although scientists think it probably has a rocky surface similar to Earth, it is also likely to experience intense tidal heating similar to (and likely more intense than) that affecting Jupiter's moon Io.[3] Gliese 581 e completes an orbit of its sun in approximately 3.15 days.[2][4][5]

See also [link]

References [link]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581". arXiv:1009.5733 [astro-ph.EP]. 
  2. ^ a b c Mayor, M.; Bonfils, X.; Forveille, T.; Delfosse, X.; Udry, S.; Bertaux, J.-L.; Beust, H.; Bouchy, F. et al. (2009). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets, XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system". Astronomy and Astrophysics 507 (1): 487–494. Bibcode 2009A&A...507..487M. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/200912172. 
  3. ^ Barnes, Rory; Jackson, Brian; Greenberg, Richard; Raymond, Sean N. (2009-06-09). "Tidal Limits to Planetary Habitability". The Astrophysical Journal 700: L30–L33. arXiv:0906.1785v1. Bibcode 2009ApJ...700L..30B. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/L30. 
  4. ^ Rincon, Paul; Amos, Jonathan (2009-04-21). "Lightest exoplanet is discovered". BBC. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8008683.stm. Retrieved 2009-04-21. 
  5. ^ Overbye, Dennis (April 21, 2009). "Astronomers Find Planet Closer to Size of Earth". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/22/science/22planet.html. 

External links [link]

Media related to Gliese 581 e at Wikimedia Commons

Gliese 581 System
Gliese 581 Gliese 581 e Gliese 581 b Gliese 581 c Gliese 581 g Gliese 581 d Gliese 581 fGliese581 2010.png
Star
Planets
Messages
Events and objects
Extraterrestrial bodies
Communication
Related topics
Hypotheses
Missions
Exhibitions
Planetary habitability
Misidentified signals

Coordinates: Sky map 15h 19m 26s, −07° 43′ 20″


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Gliese 581

Gliese 581 (/ˈɡliːzə/) is a star of spectral type M3V (a red dwarf) about 20 light years away from Earth in the constellation Libra. Its estimated mass is about a third of that of the Sun, and it is the 89th closest known star to the Sun. Observations suggest that the star has a planetary system consisting of three known planets, designated Gliese 581 b, c, and e and a possibly confirmed planet, d, in order of discovery. Additional outer planets, which received the designations Gliese 581 f, and g have been proposed, but the evidence that led to the discovery claims has been shown to be the result of stellar activity mimicking the radial velocity variations due to orbiting planets.

Gliese 581 has been the subject of a "huge amount of attention" in the quest to discover the first habitable extrasolar planet; first for c, and then d and g. Gliese 581 c, the first low-mass extrasolar planet found near a habitable zone, was discovered in April 2007. It has since been shown that under known terrestrial planet climate models, Gliese 581 c is likely to have a runaway greenhouse effect, and hence is probably too hot to be habitable, analogous to Venus. The proposed planets Gliese 581 d and Gliese 581 g also received attention as being located within the habitable zone, but their existence has subsequently been put into doubt by some authors.

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