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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Witch (etymology)#From Old to Modern English. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2011. |
The most commonly accepted etymology derives warlock from the Old English wǣrloga meaning "oathbreaker" or "deceiver."[1]
However in early modern Scottish Gaelic, the word came to be used as the male equivalent of witch (which can be male or female, but is used predominantly for females).[2]
From this use, the word passed into Romantic literature and ultimately 20th-century popular culture.
A derivation from the Old Norse varð-lokkur, "caller of spirits," has also been suggested;[3][4][5][6][7] however, the Oxford English Dictionary considers this etymology inadmissible.[8]
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ Old English wǽr-loʒa weak masculine (="traitor, enemy, devil, etc.") = Old Saxon wâr-logo weak masculine (=? "deceiver") (once, Hêliand 3817, in plural wârlogon applied to the Pharisees). The first element is probably Old English wǽr strong feminine (="covenant") = Old High German wâra (="truth"), Old Norse várar strong feminine plural ("solemn promise, vow") (cf. Vǽringi = "confederate, Varangian"); cf. Old Slavic. věra ("faith). This is a derivative from the adjective represented by Old English wǽr ("true") (once, Genesis 681; ? a. Old Saxon.) = Old Saxon, Old High German wâr ("true"): - Old Teutonic *wǣro-: - Pre-Teutonic *wāro- = Latin vērus. The second element (an agent-n. related to Old English léoʒan ("to lie belie, deny") occurs also in the similar comps. áþ-loʒa, tréow-loʒa (Old Saxon treulogo), wed-loʒa (Middle English wedlowe), ("an oath-breaker"), etc. - Oxford English Dictionary, (online) 2nd Edition (1989)
- ^ McNeill, F. Marian, The Silver Bough: A Four Volume Study of the National and Local Festivals of Scotland, Glasgow: William Maclellan,1957, vol 1; also Chambers, Robert, Domestic Annals of Scotland, Edinburgh: 1861, and Sinclair, George, Satan's Invisible World Discovered, Edinburgh, 1871
- ^ Cleasby, R.,Vigfusson, G. An Icelandic-English Dictionary, London, Macmillan, 1874
- ^ Olsen,M.,Maal Og Minne, Bymalslaget, Oslo, 1916
- ^ Loewe, M., Blacker, C.Oracles and Divination, p.130 ("'Vardlokkur'...is related to the Scots dialect word 'warlock', wizard, and the meaning is thought to relate to the power to shut in or enclose"), London, George Allen & Unwin, 1981
- ^ "Warlock" (TXT). Ladyoftheearth.com. https://www.ladyoftheearth.com/witch/warlock.txt. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
- ^ BBC.co.uk, BBC h2g2 gives further reasons for believing warlock derives from vard-lokkur ("caller of spirits")
- ^ "ON. varðlokkur wk. fem. pl. ... incantation, suggested already in Johnson, is too rare (? occurring once), with regard to the late appearance of the -k forms, to be considered." — Oxford English Dictionary, (online) 2nd Edition (1989)
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Look up warlock in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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List of concepts in Artemis Fowl
This is a list of fictional concepts in Artemis Fowl, a novel series by Eoin Colfer.
Fairy concepts
Bio-bomb
A high-tech, fairy-manufactured guided missile, also known as a "bio-bomb" or a "blue-rinse" because of its blue colour. Once detonated, it employs the radioactive energy source Solinium 2 (an element not yet discovered by humans), destroying all living tissue in the area while leaving landscape and buildings untouched. It was used on Fowl Manor in Artemis Fowl, and, later, in Artemis Fowl: The Opal Deception, Opal Koboi manufactures a larger missile-guided bio-bomb and a compact bio-bomb with a plasma screen that can only be blocked by the rigid polymer of a LEP helmet.
Book of the People
The Book of the People is the Fairy bible, known by the fairies themselves simply as the Book. It is written in Gnommish, the fairy language. As it contains the history of the People and their life teachings, Artemis Fowl manages to secure a copy from an alcoholic fairy in Ho Chi Minh City and use it to kidnap Holly Short, and to decode Gnommish. The first few lines are included in the first book.
Halo 2
Halo 2 is a 2004 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie Studios. Released for the Xbox video game console on November 9, 2004, the game is the second installment in the Halo franchise and the sequel to 2001's critically acclaimed Halo: Combat Evolved. A Microsoft Windows version of the game was released on May 31, 2007, developed by an internal team at Microsoft Game Studios known as Hired Gun. The game features a new game engine, as well as using the Havok physics engine; added weapons and vehicles, and new multiplayer maps. The player alternately assumes the roles of the human Master Chief and the alien Arbiter in a 26th-century conflict between the human United Nations Space Command and genocidal Covenant.
After the success of Combat Evolved, a sequel was expected and highly anticipated. Bungie found inspiration in plot points and gameplay elements that had been left out of their first game, including multiplayer over the Internet through Xbox Live. Time constraints forced a series of cutbacks in the size and scope of the game, including a cliffhanger ending to the game's campaign mode that left many in the studio dissatisfied. Among Halo 2's marketing efforts was an alternate reality game called "I Love Bees" that involved players solving real-world puzzles.
Gangster!
Gangster! is a role-playing game published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1979.
Description
Gangster! is a cops-and-mobsters system for the period 1900 to the present. The rules cover police (city and federal) and criminal (loner and syndicate) characters as well as combat with all sorts of firearms. The game includes sections on crimes and corruption, gang wars, police methods, forensic medicine, FBI labs, and SWAT teams, with guidelines on the laws of the land, criminal law, conviction, and penalties.
Publication history
Gangster! was designed by Nick Marinacci and Pete Petrone and published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1979 as a boxed set with two 32-page books and two reference sheets. The game was codesigned by a former New York police officer.
Robert N. Charrette created 25 mm miniatures to accompany Gangster!
References
Days of Fire
Days of Fire (Italian: Gangsters '70) is a 1968 Italian crime-thriller film written and directed by Mino Guerrini.
