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This article is about the Roman prefect Petronius. For other uses of the name, see Gaius Petronius Arbiter and Petronius (disambiguation).

Gaius Petronius or Publius Petronius (*ca. 75 BC; † after 20 BC) was the 2nd and then 4th prefect of Roman Aegyptus. He led a campaign into present-day central Sudan against the Kingdom of Kush at Meroe, whose queen Imanarenat had previously attacked Roman Egypt. Failing to acquire permanent gains, he razed the city of Napata 22 BC to the ground and retreated to the north.

Preceded by Aelius Gallus	Prefect of Egypt ca. 25 BC-20 BC	Succeeded by Publius Rubrius Barbarus

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Name	Petronius, Gaius
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Petronius

Gaius Petronius Arbiter (/pɪˈtroʊniəs/; c. 27 – 66 AD) was a Roman courtier during the reign of Nero. He is generally believed to be the author of the Satyricon, a satirical novel believed to have been written during the Neronian era.

Life

Tacitus, Plutarch and Pliny the Elder describe Petronius as the elegantiae arbiter (also phrased arbiter elegantiarum), "judge of elegance" in the court of the emperor Nero. He served as consul in 62 AD. Later, he became a member of the senatorial class who devoted themselves to a life of pleasure. His relationship to Nero was apparently akin to that of a fashion advisor. Tacitus gives this account of Petronius in his historical work the Annals (XVI.18):

None of the ancient sources give any further detail about his life, or mention that he was a writer. However, a medieval manuscript written around 1450 of the Satyricon credited a "Titus Petronius" as the author of the original work. Traditionally, this reference is linked with Petronius Arbiter, since the novel appears to have been written or at least set during his lifetime. The link, however, remains speculative and disputed.

Petronius (centurion)

In the non-canonical Gospel of Peter, Petronius is the centurion who is ordered by Pontius Pilate to guard the tomb of Jesus (Gos. Peter 8).

Petronius (disambiguation)

Petronius is a Roman nomen shared by several notables:

Gaius Petronius, governor of Aegyptus c. 25-21 BC

Publius Petronius, suffect consul 19 AD

Publius Petronius, Legate of Syria 37-41 AD, possibly same as above

Gaius Petronius Pontius Nigrinus, consul 37 AD

Publius Petronius Turpilianus, consul 61 AD, Governor of Britain AD 61-63, son of Publius?

Gaius Petronius Arbiter AD 27-66 Roman courtier, author of Satryricon, friend of emperor Nero

Marcus Petronius Mamertinus, suffect consul of 150

Marcus Petronius Sura Mamertinus, son to the above, consul in 182

Quintus Petronius Didius Severus, father of empreror Didius Julianus

Petronius Antoninus, son of Sura Mamertinus

Marcus Petronius Sura Septimianus, brother to Sura Mamertinus, consul in 190

Petronia, sister to the above, married the Roman Senator Marcus Antoninus Antius Lupus

Lucius Fulvius Gavius (Numisius?) Petronius Aemilianus, consul 206

Volusianus (L. Petronius Taurus), or Lucius Petronius Taurus Volusianus, Roman general and official, Praetorian Prefect 260-267

Petronius (horse)

Petronius (1805 – 1823) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1808. After winning the St Leger as a 20/1 outsider, Petronius remained in training for two more years, winning two races at York in 1809 and the Union Cup at Preston in 1810. He retired from racing after winning five races from eleven starts. He had little success as a breeding stallion and died in 1823 at the age of eighteen.

Background

Petronius was a bay horse bred by his owner Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton and was the fifth of the Duke's seven St Leger winners. His sire, Sir Peter Teazle (or simply "Sir Peter") won the Epsom Derby in 1787 and became the most successful stallion of the time, winning the title of Champion sire on ten occasions between 1799 and 1809.

Racing career

1808: three-year-old season

Unraced as a two-year-old, Petronius made his first appearance on a racecourse on 27 April 1808 at Skipton Racecourse. He started the 4/6 favourite and "won easy" from two opponents. Petronius' next race was the Union Cup, an all-aged race at Preston Racecourse on 13 July, when he finished third of the five runners behind Sir William Gerard's five-year-old Julius Caesar.