Gpr18

G protein-coupled receptor 18

Identifiers

External IDs

OMIM: 602042 MGI: 107859 HomoloGene: 18814 IUPHAR: GPR18 GeneCards: GPR18 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• signal transducer activity • receptor activity • G-protein coupled receptor activity • G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral to membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 13:
99.91 – 99.91 Mb

Chr 14:
122.31 – 122.31 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

N-arachidonyl glycine receptor also known as G-protein coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR18 gene.^[1]^[2] Along with the other previously "orphan" receptors GPR55 and GPR119, GPR18 has been found to be a receptor for endogenous lipid neurotransmitters, several of which also bind to cannabinoid receptors.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Recent research supports the hypothesis that GPR18 is the abnormal cannabidiol receptor and N-arachidonoyl glycine, the endogenous lipid metabolite of anandamide, initiates directed microglial migration in the CNS through activation of GPR18.^[6]

Ligands [link]

Ligands found to bind to GPR18 include:^[6]^[7]

N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly)
Abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD)
O-1602
Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC)
Anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine, AEA)
Arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA)

References [link]

^ Gantz I, Muraoka A, Yang YK, Samuelson LC, Zimmerman EM, Cook H, Yamada T (Sep 1997). "Cloning and chromosomal localization of a gene (GPR18) encoding a novel seven transmembrane receptor highly expressed in spleen and testis". Genomics 42 (3): 462–6. DOI:10.1006/geno.1997.4752. PMID 9205118.
^ "Entrez Gene: GPR18 G protein-coupled receptor 18". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2841.
^ Kohno M, Hasegawa H, Inoue A, Muraoka M, Miyazaki T, Oka K, Yasukawa M (September 2006). "Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347 (3): 827–32. DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.175. PMID 16844083.
^ Burstein S (December 2008). "The elmiric acids: biologically active anandamide analogs". Neuropharmacology 55 (8): 1259–64. DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.11.011. PMC 2621443. PMID 18187165. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2621443.
^ Bradshaw HB, Lee SH, McHugh D (September 2009). "ORPHAN ENDOGENOUS LIPIDS AND ORPHAN GPCRS: A GOOD MATCH". Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 89 (3–4): 131–4. DOI:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.04.006. PMC 2740803. PMID 19379823. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2740803.
^ ^a ^b McHugh D, Hu SS, Rimmerman N, Juknat A, Vogel Z, Walker JM, Bradshaw HB (2010). "N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor". BMC Neurosci 11: 44. DOI:10.1186/1471-2202-11-44. PMC 2865488. PMID 20346144. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2865488.
^ McHugh D, Page J, Dunn E, Bradshaw HB (May 2011). "Δ(9) -THC and N-arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 and cause migration in the human endometrial cell line, HEC-1B". Br J Pharmacol: no. DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01497.x. PMID 21595653.

Further reading [link]

Christian SL, McDonough J, Liu Cy CY, et al. (2002). "An evaluation of the assembly of an approximately 15-Mb region on human chromosome 13q32-q33 linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia". Genomics 79 (5): 635–56. DOI:10.1006/geno.2002.6765. PMID 11991713.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. DOI:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13". Nature 428 (6982): 522–8. DOI:10.1038/nature02379. PMC 2665288. PMID 15057823. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2665288.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. DOI:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Kohno M, Hasegawa H, Inoue A, et al. (2006). "Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347 (3): 827–32. DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.175. PMID 16844083.

This transmembrane receptor-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:
Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 8 9 10 12 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

https://wn.com/GPR18

Podcasts:

Email this Page Play all in Full Screen Show More Related Videos

Most Related
Most Recent
Most Popular
Top Rated

PLAYLIST TIME:

Ligands [link]

References [link]

Further reading [link]

https://wn.com/GPR18

Podcasts:

EXPLORE WN.com