| Fucking | |
|---|---|
| — Village — | |
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 Fucking
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| Coordinates: 48°04′02″N 12°51′49″E / 48.06722°N 12.86361°ECoordinates: 48°04′02″N 12°51′49″E / 48.06722°N 12.86361°E | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| Region | Innviertel |
| Municipality | Tarsdorf |
| Established | since at least 1070 |
| Named for | 6th century nobleman named Focko |
| Population | |
| • Total | 104 |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Postal code | 5121 |
| Area code(s) | 06278 |
| Licence plate | BR |
Fucking (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊkɪŋ], rhymes with "booking"[2]) is an Austrian village[3] in the municipality of Tarsdorf,[4] in the Innviertel region of western Upper Austria. The village is 33 kilometres (21 mi) north of Salzburg, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the German border.
Despite having a population of only 104, the village has become famous for its name in the English-speaking world. Its road signs are a popular visitor attraction, and were often stolen by souvenir-hunting tourists until 2005, when they were modified to be theft-resistant.
Contents |
Etymology [link]
It is believed that the settlement was founded in the 6th century by Focko, a Bavarian nobleman. The existence of the village was documented for the first time in 1070 and historical records show that some twenty years later the lord was Adalpertus de Fucingin. The spelling of the name has evolved over the years; it is first recorded in historical sources with the spelling as Vucchingen in 1070, Fukching in 1303,[5] Fugkhing in 1532, and in the modern spelling Fucking in the 18th century,[6] which is pronounced with the vowel oo as in book.[2] The ending -ing is an old Germanic suffix indicating the people belonging to the root word to which it is attached, thus Fucking means "(place of) Focko's people."[7]
Demographics and transportation [link]
The Austrian census of 2001 recorded that the village had a population of 93.[8] The Age reported in 2005 that it had 104 people and 32 houses.[6]
There is a bus service operated by OÖVV between Schärding and Eggerding which makes stops at Unterfucking (Lower Fucking) and Oberfucking (Upper Fucking). Bus route 2302 operates once a day from Monday to Friday.[9]
Name and notoriety [link]
Fucking's most famous feature is four traffic signs with its name on them, beside which tourists stop to have their photograph taken, owing to the identical spelling to the present participle of the English-language profanity fuck. One version of the sign features the village name with an additional sign beneath it, with the words "Bitte – nicht so schnell!" ("Please — not so fast!"). The lower sign — which features an illustration of two children — is meant to advise drivers to watch their speed, but tourists see this as a double meaning coupled with the village name.[10]
British and American soldiers based in nearby Salzburg noticed the name after World War II, and began to travel to the village to have their photos taken beside the signs while striking various poses. The local residents, the Fuckingers, were considerably bemused as they had not previously been aware of the meaning of their village's name when read as English.[6] Since then, the number of visitors to Fucking has increased, with the occasional visit by a tour bus.[2]
The village is especially popular with British tourists; as a local tour guide explained: "The Germans all want to see Mozart's house in Salzburg; the Americans want to see where The Sound of Music was filmed; the Japanese want Hitler's birthplace in Braunau; but for the British, it's all about Fucking."[11] Augustina Lindlbauer, the manager of an area guesthouse, noted that the area had lakes, forests, and vistas worth visiting, but there was an "obsession with Fucking". Lindlbauer recalled how she had to explain to a British female tourist "that there were no Fucking postcards."[12]
The road signs were commonly stolen as souvenirs[10] — the only crime which has been reported in the village.[13] It cost some 300 Euros to replace each stolen sign, and the costs were reflected in the taxes that local residents pay.[6] In 2004, owing mainly to the stolen signs, a vote was held on changing the village's name, but the residents voted against doing so.[7] Tarsdorf municipality's mayor Siegfried Höppl stated that it was decided to keep the name as it had existed for 800 years,[7] and further stated that "[e]veryone here knows what it means in English, but for us Fucking is Fucking — and it's going to stay Fucking."[14]
After a spate of thefts, which included the theft of all four signs in one night, and a total of fifteen over a period of several years, in August, 2005, the road signs were replaced with theft-resistant signs welded to steel and secured in concrete to prevent them being stolen.[6][15] Mayor Höppl said that officials were fed up with English-speaking tourists stealing the signs, and noted that with the newly-installed signs it would take all night to steal one. Höppl said that tourists, and the money they bring to the area, were welcome, but locals were sick of replacing the signs.[1][16] Kommandant Schmitzberger, the local police chief, also hinted at other avenues to stop what he calls "foreign criminals" from disturbing order in the village. Regarding these "other avenues", Schmitzberger stated, "[w]hat they are, I am not at liberty to disclose, but we will not stand for the Fucking signs being removed. It may be very amusing for you British, but Fucking is simply Fucking to us. What is this big Fucking joke? It is puerile."[13][17]
A local resident of the village, Josef Winkler, attempted to cash in on the village's fame by setting up a website (www.fucking.at), on which he sold t-shirts featuring the village road signs, with the slogan "I like Fucking in Austria" printed on them. According to Winkler, they were selling well, and he was in negotiations with Maxim regarding possible promotions, but was forced to stop his venture after being shouted at and threatened in the street. Winkler said, "It was a bit of fun that didn't hurt anyone, but I found out that in this region you just can't do something like that. The whole thing became a real trial for me and I had to stop. People are very traditional here."[13]
In November 2008, the village hosted the Festival of the Fuck Bands music festival, which featured bands Fucked Up, Holy Fuck, Fuck and Fuck Buttons.[18]
In July 2009, it was announced that the village would be installing CCTV cameras in an attempt to deter summertime tourists from filming themselves having sexual intercourse in front of the Fucking signs. A resident of the village said that installing cameras around the village may make tourists think twice and instead choose to only have a photograph taken in front of the sign.[19] Juergen Stoll, the operator of a guesthouse at Wank, close to the Austrian-German border, stated that the residents of Fucking should be cashing in on its name, although Mayor Franz Meindl states: "We don't find it funny. We just want to be left alone. We don't harm anyone and just want to live in peace."[20] — and added that he would prefer not to see the village being featured in the press anymore.[21] Meindl appears to have the opposite view of former Mayor Höppl, by proclaiming that residents wish for their village to be left alone by tourists.[15]
Putting the problem in context, however, tz-online notes that numerous villages across the border in Germany have names that are "unfortunate" even in German, including Affendorf (Monkey Village), Faulebutter (Putrid Butter), Fickmühlen (Fuck Mill), Himmelreich (Kingdom of Heaven), Katzenhirn (Cat Brain), Plöd (Stupid), Regenmantel (Raincoat), Sklavenhaus (Slave House) and Warzen (Warts).[22]
In 2009, the European Union's OHIM trademarks agency forbade a German brewery to market a beer called "Fucking Hell". It appealed, and was granted permission in January 2010 to market the beer.[23] It claims the beer is named after the Austrian village Fucking and the German term for pale lager, Hell.[24]
False rumours of name change [link]
Rumours spread through international news media in April 2012 that the townspeople were thinking about changing the name of the town, or had actually voted to change it. The satirical website The Spoof! published a story on 18 April saying that the townspeople were fed up and wanted to change the name.[25] This minor satire was expanded upon and appeared on the same day in the Daily Mirror newspaper[26] and elsewhere during the following week as a genuine news item, and was repeated by The Guardian and The Huffington Post, who reported that a vote had taken place to change the name to Fugging, but it was discovered that a village with that name already existed just west of Herzogenburg.[27][28] The irritated mayor of Fucking denied these false stories when contacted.[29]
References [link]
- ^ a b "F***ing signs now theft-proof". Ananova. Archived from the original on 2005-09-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20050930221340/https://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_1509431.html. Retrieved 2006-12-15. "The Austrian town of F***ing has erected theft-proof road signs embedded in concrete blocks. Officials acted because they were fed up with English-speaking tourists stealing them as souvenirs."
- ^ a b c Harnden, Toby (28 August 2005). "'No, there are no F***ing postcards'". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/austria/1497132/No-there-are-no-Fing-postcards.html. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ Tarsdorf Official map
- ^ Official governmental Homepage of Tarsdorf Municipality
- ^ Etz, Albrecht (1971). Die Siedlungsnamen des Innviertels als lauthistorische Quellen. Volume 53 of Dissertationen der Universität Wien. Notring. p. 212.
- ^ a b c d e "What's the F---ing joke?". The Age. 3 September 2005. https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/09/02/1125302734420.html. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ a b c "Brits steal carloads of F**king Austrian roadsigns", The Register, 15 August 2005.
- ^ "Wohnbevölkerung nach Ortschaften" (in German). Statistik Austria. 29 July 2009. https://www.statistik.at/blickgem/vz2/g40443.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ "Fahrtinformationen" (in German). OÖVV. https://fahrplan.oebb.at/bin/traininfo.exe/dn/225489/182564/523502/186588/81?L=vs_ooev&rt=0&seqnr=2&ident=cb.0196131.1256470172&. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ a b Urban Legends Reference Pages: Welcome to Austria
- ^ "This Towns A F****** Joke". The Daily Mirror (London). 29 August 2005. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/columnists/parsons/2005/08/29/this-town-s-a-f-joke-115875-15907192/. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ "Brits driving Austrians bonkers over rude village name". Agence France Presse. London. 28 August 2005. Archived from the original on 2005-09-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20050911151145/https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20050828/wl_uk_afp/britainaustriaoffbeat. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ a b c Harnden, Toby (29 August 2005). "Town's vulgar name draws 'puerile' tourists". Kingston Whig-Standard: p. 14.
- ^ Haywood, Anthony; Walker, Kerry (2008). Austria (5 ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 217. ISBN 1-74104-670-X. https://books.google.com.au/books?id=dXQLdFUKa0UC. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ a b Ross, Kirsty (30 July 2009). "People in the village of Fucking hate tourists". thelondonpaper (London). https://www.thelondonpaper.com/thelondonpaper/weird/odd-news/people-in-the-village-of-fucking-hate-tourists. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ "Austrian town uses concrete to block cursed sign thefts". The Ottawa Citizen: pp. A8. 23 August 2005.
- ^ "Austrians Not Amused". BanderasNews.com. November 2006. https://www.banderasnews.com/0611/nw-fucking-austria.htm.
- ^ Lopez, Michael (27 January 2009). "Fucked Up and other F-Word Bands Congregate at the Festival of the Fuck Bands". Phoenix New Times. https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2009-01-29/music/fucked-up-and-other-f-word-bands-congregate-at-the-festival-of-the-fuck-bands/. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ "Would you please all stop f*&%ing in F***ing". Daily Star (London). 28 July 2009. https://www.dailystar.co.uk/playlist/view/91341/Would-you-please-all-stop-f-ing-in-F-ing/. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
- ^ Watson, Leon (5 August 2009). "Rude town gets handy advice". The Sun (London). https://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2572607/Rude-named-town-gets-a-helping-hand-from-its-neighbours.html. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ (German) Schmidt, Von Axel (24 March 2008). "Die Ortstafel als Souvenir". Augsburger Allgemeine. https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/Home/Nachrichten/Bayern/Artikel,-Die-Ortstafel-als-Souvenir-_arid,1196026_regid,2_puid,2_pageid,4289.html. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ "Schluss mit Plöd! - Wie ein lustiger Ortsname zur Last wird" (in German). TZ (Munich). 14 November 2008. https://www.tz-online.de/aktuelles/bayern/schluss-mit-ploed---wie-ein-lustiger-ortsname-zur-last-wird-72134.html.
- ^ Decision of the Forth Board of Appeal of 21 January 2010 in Case R 0385/2008-4 – Fucking Hell The Trade Marks and Designs Registration Office of the European Union
- ^ "German beer can call itself F**king Hell". Radio Netherlands (Hilversum). 19 March 2010. https://www.rnw.nl/english/article/german-beer-can-call-itself-fking-hell.
- ^ Fucking Village To Change Name The Spoof!, 2012-04-18.
- ^ No Fugging chance: Fucking village told they can't be renamed Fugging because name is already taken The Mirror, 2012-04-18.
- ^ Silly placenames: welcome to Dull, twinned with Boring The Guardian, 2012-04-25.
- ^ Citizens Vote to Rename Austrian Town From F---ing to Fugging Huffington Post, 2012-04-20.
- ^ Nothing profane about our name Austrian hamlet says Reuters, 2012-04-18.
External links [link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fucking, Austria |
- (German) Tarsdorf Municipality website
- "German Firm Wins Right to Make Beer Called 'Fucking Hell'." Spiegel Online. 29 March 2010.
https://wn.com/Fucking,_Austria
Cash
Cash refers to money in the physical form of currency, such as banknotes and coins.
In bookkeeping and finance, cash refers to current assets comprising currency or currency equivalents that can be accessed immediately or near-immediately (as in the case of money market accounts). Cash is seen either as a reserve for payments, in case of a structural or incidental negative cash flow or as a way to avoid a downturn on financial markets.
Etymology
The word is variously attributed. Some claim that the word "cash" comes from the modern French word caisse, which means (money) box, from the Provençal word caissa, from the Italian cassa, from the Latin capsa all meaning box. In the 18th century, the word passed to refer to the money instead of the actual box containing it. Another claim is that it was derived from Tamil word kāsu (Tamil: காசு) meaning a coin, by East India Company.
"Cash" used as a verb means "to convert to cash"; for example in the expression "to cash a cheque".
History
In Western Europe, after the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire, coins, silver jewelry and hacksilver (silver objects hacked into pieces) were for centuries the only form of money, until Venetian merchants started using silver bars for large transactions in the early Middle Ages. In a separate development, Venetian merchants started using paper bills, instructing their banker to make payments. Similar marked silver bars were in use in lands where the Venetian merchants had established representative offices. The Byzantine empire and several states in the Balkan area and Kievan Rus also used marked silver bars for large payments. As the world economy developed and silver supplies increased, in particular after the colonization of South America, coins became larger and a standard coin for international payment developed from the 15th century: the Spanish and Spanish colonial coin of 8 reales. Its counterpart in gold was the Venetian ducat.
Cash (currency)
The cash is a name for several historical currencies used in Asia. It is applied to units used in China, Vietnam, and the Princely states of Madras and Travancore in British India. It is also occasionally used to refer to the Korean mun and the Japanese mon.
Skr. karsha 'a weight of silver or gold equal to 1⁄400 of a tulā' (Williams); Singhalese kāsi coin. The early Portuguese writers represented the native word by cas, casse, caxa, the Fr. by cas, the Eng. by cass: the existing Pg. caixa and Eng. cash are due to a natural confusion with CASH n.1. From an early date the Portuguese applied caixa (probably on the same analogy) to the small money of other foreign nations, such as that of the Malay Islands, and especially the Chinese, which was also naturally made into cash in English. (Yule)" The English word "cash," meaning "tangible currency," is an older word from Middle French caisse.
Chinese cash
Cash as a currency unit name in China, not to be confused with the type of copper coin also known as cash, refers to a unit used for centuries for copper coinage and banknote equivalents known as wén (文) in Chinese. Being the earliest country to implement paper based currency, at 1023 the 交子 paper money currency occur to adapt the economical climate change of globalization brought by fair trade via silk road, although metal coin were still in circulation. After the introduction of a unified currency system in 1889, the cash continued to be used as a subunit of the yuan with 1000 cash equal to one yuan. Coins continued to be denominated in cash until the 1920s nationally and for a time thereafter regionally.
Cash (surname)
Cash is an Anglo-Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Criss
Criss is a given name or surname, and may refer to:
See also
Crissé
Crissé is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France.
See also
References
Peter Criss
George Peter John Criscuola (born December 20, 1945), better known as Peter Criss, is an American musician and actor, best known as a co-founder, the original drummer, and an occasional vocalist of the hard rock band Kiss. Criss established the "Catman" character for his Kiss persona.
Early years
George Peter John Criscuola is the oldest of the five children to parents Joseph and Loretta Criscuola; his father's family came from Scafati, Salerno, Italy. He grew up in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York. He was a childhood friend of Jerry Nolan, who would later find success as the drummer for the New York Dolls.
He was an avid art student and a swing aficionado. While playing with bandleader Joey Greco, Criss ended up studying under his idol, Gene Krupa, at the Metropole Club in New York. This turned into an active musical career as he went on to play jazz and rock with a number of bands in New York and New Jersey throughout the 1960s.
Chelsea
Criss was involved with a number of bands throughout the mid-to-late 1960s. It was during this time that Criss joined Chelsea, who had a two-album deal with Decca Records; the group released a self-titled album in 1970. They never recorded a second album, and in August 1971 became Lips (a trio consisting of Criss and his Chelsea bandmates Michael Benvenga and Stan Penridge). By the spring of 1972, Lips was just the duo of Criss and Penridge.
