Kuruş

Kuruş (derived from the French gros, German Groschen and Hungarian Garas; Ottoman Turkish: قروش gurûş) is a Turkish currency subunit. Since 2005, one Turkish lira is equal to 100 kuruş. The kuruş was also the standard unit of currency in the Ottoman Empire until 1844, and from that date until the late 1970s was a subdivision of the former lira. It was subdivided into 40 para (پاره), each of 3 akçe. In European languages, the kuruş was often referred to as the piastre, derived from the Italian word piastra.

Coinage

The kuruş was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large, silver coin, approximately equal to the French écu, or, from other sources, to the Spanish dollar. However, during the 18th and early 19th centuries, debasement reduced the kuruş to a billon coin weighing less than 3 grams.

At the beginning of the 19th century, silver coins were in circulation for 1 akçe, 1, 5, 10 and 20 para, 1, 2 and 2½ kuruş, together with gold coins denominated in zeri mahbub and altin. As the silver coins were debased, other denominations appeared: 30 para, 1½, 3, 5 and 6 kuruş. The final coinage issued before the currency reform consisted of billon 1, 10 and 20 para, and silver 1½, 3 and 6 kuruş.

Kuru, Ida-Viru County

Kuru is a village in Iisaku Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia.

Coordinates: 58°59′55″N 27°16′43″E / 58.99861°N 27.27861°E / 58.99861; 27.27861

Kuru (disease)

Kuru is an incurable degenerative neurological disorder endemic to tribal regions of Papua New Guinea. It is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, caused by a prion found in humans.

The term "kuru" derives from the Fore word "kuria/guria" ("to shake"), a reference to the body tremors that are a classic symptom of the disease; it is also known among the Fore as the "laughing sickness" due to the pathologic bursts of laughter people would display when afflicted with the disease. It is now widely accepted that kuru was transmitted among members of the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea via funerary cannibalism.

Signs and symptoms

Kuru causes physiological, as well as neurological effects that ultimately lead to death. It was endemic among the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea and was confined to the Fore population and those nearby populations with whom they intermarried. It is characterized by truncal ataxia, preceded by headaches, joint pains, and shaking of the limbs. Trembling is present in almost all patients with this transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; kuru is also known as "shiver".

List of Care Bear characters

The Care Bears are a group of characters created by the U.S. greeting card company American Greetings in 1981. The title characters originally appeared in card artwork by Elena Kucharik, before branching out into various media and merchandise. The franchise launched in 1982 with ten title characters, and in 1984 added several more characters known as the Care Bear Cousins.

Each of the Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins has a "tummy symbol" — a picture or pattern that indicates the role or specialty of the character bearing it. Beginning with Care Bears: Oopsy Does It!, "tummy symbols" are sometimes referred to as "belly badges."

Care Bears

Original

These Care Bears were the first to be introduced.

Bedtime Bear

Bedtime Bear is one of the ten original Care Bears who originally appeared on American Greetings greeting cards in 1982. He made his animated debut in the very first television special, The Care Bears in The Land Without Feelings. Since then he has appeared in most of the animated incarnations of the series.

Frostbite (Wildstorm)

Frostbite, (real name Leon Carver) is a character from the DV8 comic book series, published by Wildstorm.

Fictional character biography

Leon grew up with his mother in West Memphis, Arkansas. The identity and fate of his father is so far unknown. Leon went to Howard University in Washington, D.C., but quickly found himself in financial trouble. Due to his low grades during the first semester, he wasn't awarded a scholarship trustee, despite his good grades the second term and a position on the football team. He was visited by a government agent who told him that they were aware of his difficulties and that he had been selected for a special program. Believing he had no choice, Leon accepted and became a part of Project: Genesis, a special program of International Operations. Leon like all subjects, had been tested positive for the gen-factor substance that could give regular humans superhuman powers. The subjects were fed a special activator drug during the program. Leon's first signs of Gen-activation were a discoloration in his hair, which went from black to yellow. At first he hid his hair and considered shaving it all off, but then he decided to just accept it. He also started to have nightmares and high fever. In the infirmary he was cryogenically frozen.

Frostbite (album)

Frostbite is the seventh studio album by Albert Collins, released in 1980 through the Alligator Records label.

Track listing

Personnel