Nil

Nil is a word commonly used to mean not in list or zero; it is one of several names for the number 0.

Nil may also refer to:

Given names

Surname

Places

NIL (programming language)

NIL was a 32-bit implementation of Lisp developed at MIT and intended to be the successor to Maclisp. NIL stood for "New Implementation of LISP", and was in part a response to DECs VAX computer. The project was headed by Jon L White, with a stated goal of maintaining compatibility with MacLisp whilst fixing many of the problems with the language.

History

The Lisp language was invented in 1958 by John McCarthy while he was at MIT. From its inception, Lisp was closely connected with the artificial intelligence research community, especially on PDP-10 systems. Lisp was used as the implementation of the programming language Micro Planner that was the foundation for the famous AI system SHRDLU. Lisp, in particular Maclisp (so called because it originated at MIT's project MAC) was also used to implement the Macsyma computer algebra system. In the 1970s, as AI research spawned commercial offshoots, the performance of existing Lisp systems became a growing issue.

Partly because of garbage collection (Lisp would use stop-and-copy garbage collection of its single heap for memory allocation) and partly because of its representation of internal structures, Lisp became difficult to run on the memory-limited stock hardware of the day. This led to the creation of LISP machines: dedicated hardware for running Lisp environments and programs. An alternative was to use the more powerful commodity hardware which was becoming available, in particular the DEC VAX.

Nil (album)

Nil (Nameless Liberty Underground) (commonly known simply as Nil) is the second studio album released by Japanese rock band The Gazette. It was released on February 8, 2006 by PS Company in Japan. It was also the first album by The Gazette to be released in Europe on May 30, 2006 by CLJ Records.

Track listing

Notes

References

Frontier

A frontier is the political and geographical areas near or beyond a boundary. The term came from French in the 15th century, with the meaning "borderland"—the region of a country that fronts on another country (see also marches).

The word "frontier" also means a region at the edge of a settled area, especially in North American development. It is a transition zone where explorers, pioneers and settlers were arriving. That is, as pioneers moved into the "frontier zone", they were changed by the encounter. A frontier can also be referred to as a "front".

That is what Frederick Jackson Turner calls "the significance of the frontier." For example, Turner argues that, in United States' 1893, one change was that unlimited free land in this zone was available, and thus offered the psychological sense of unlimited opportunity. This, in turn, had many consequences such as optimism, future orientation, shedding of restraints due to land scarcity, and wastefulness of natural resources.

Colonial North America

Frontier (horse)

Frontier (foaled 1896) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Dewhurst Plate as a two-year-old and the Ascot Derby as a three-year-old. He was owned by the Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster and trained by John Porter at Kingsclere.

Background

Frontier was a chestnut colt bred by the 1st Duke of Westminster and foaled in 1896. He was the son of dual Eclipse Stakes winner Orme, who was Champion sire in Britain in 1899. Amongst Orme's other progeny were Triple Crown winner Flying Fox, Derby winner Orby and 1000 Guineas winner Witch Elm. Frontier's dam was Quetta, a daughter of Bend Or who also produced the City and Suburban Handicap winner Grey Leg and Coronation Stakes winner Helm.

Racing career

As a two-year-old Frontier ran in the National Breeders' Produce Stakes over five furlongs at Sandown. Ridden by Morny Cannon he finished unplaced. He started at the odds of 100/15 for the Dewhurst Plate, again being ridden by Morny Cannon. After the start Frontier was on his own of the far side of the track and as the horses neared the finish he and Caiman, the 11/8 favourite, came away from the field. At the finish Frontier just held on to win by a head from Caiman, with the two clear of Vara in third place.

Frontier (1955 TV series)

Frontier is an American Western anthology series that aired on NBC from September 1955, to September 1956. The series de-emphasizes gunplay and focuses on the hazards of the settlement of the American West. It was only the second anthology Western series in television history, having been preceded by Death Valley Days.

Frontier aired premiered on September 25, 1955, and ran sporadically in its last five months. Walter Coy narrated the series and starred in occasional episodes, which are dramatizations based on actual events. The program was produced by Worthington Miner.

Premise

Coy begins each Frontier episode with the line: "This is the way it happened ... movin' west", and he closed with the refrain: "It happened that way ... movin' west." Frontier is similar in scope to its predecessor and longer-lasting syndicated series Death Valley Days, which went through a series of hosts, including Stanley Andrews (known on the program as The Old Ranger), Ronald W. Reagan, Robert Taylor, and Dale Robertson.