Fossil word
A fossil word is a word that is broadly obsolete but remains in currency because it is contained within an idiom still in use.
Fossil status can also occur for word senses and for phrases. An example for a word sense is 'navy' in 'merchant navy', which means 'commercial fleet' (although that sense of navy is obsolete elsewhere). An example for a phrase is 'in point' (relevant), which is retained in the larger phrases 'case in point' (also 'case on point' in the legal context) and 'in point of fact', but is rarely used outside of a legal context.
English-language examples
ado, as in "without further ado" or "much ado about nothing", although the homologous form "to-do" remains attested ("make a to-do", "a big to-do", etc.)
amok, as in "run amok"
bandy, as in "bandy about" or "bandy-legged"
bated, as in "wait with bated breath", although the derived term "abate" remains in nonidiom-specific use
beck, as in "at one's beck and call", although the verb form "beckon" is still occasionally seen in nonidiom-specific use