Jiva
In Hinduism and Jainism, a jiva (Sanskrit: जीव, jīva, alternative spelling jiwa; Hindi: जीव, jīv, alternative spelling jeev) is a living being, or more specifically, the immortal essence or soul of a living organism (human, animal, fish or plant etc.) which survives physical death. It has a very similar usage to atma, but whereas atma refers to "the cosmic self", jiva is used to denote an individual "living entity" or "living being" specifically. To avoid confusion, the terms paramatma and jivatma (also commonly spelled jeevatma) are used.
The word itself originates from the Sanskrit jivás, with the root jīv- "to breathe". It has the same Indo-European root as the Latin word vivus, meaning "alive".
Hinduism
Definition
In the Bhagavad Gita, the jiva is described as immutable, eternal, numberless and indestructible. It is said not to be a product of the material world (Prakrti), but of a higher 'spiritual' nature. At the point of physical death the jiva takes a new physical body depending on the karma and the individual desires and necessities of the particular jiva in question.
Jīva (Jainism)
The Jīva or Atman (/ˈɑːtmən/; Sanskrit: आत्मन्) is a philosophical term used within Jainism to identify the soul. It is one's true self (hence generally translated into English as 'Self') beyond identification with the phenomenal reality of worldly existence. As per the Jain cosmology, jīva or soul is also the principle of sentience and is one of the tattvas or one of the fundamental substances forming part of the universe. According to The Theosophist, "some religionists hold that Atman (Spirit) and Paramatman (God) are one, while others assert that they are distinct ; but a Jain will say that Atman and Paramatman are one as well as distinct." In Jainism, spiritual disciplines, such as abstinence, aid in freeing the jīva "from the body by diminishing and finally extinguishing the functions of the body." Jain philosophy is essentially dualistic. It differentiates two substances, the self and the non-self.
Real Self
According to the Jain text, Samayasāra (The Nature of the Self):-
Jiva (disambiguation)
Jiva or Jiwa may also refer to:
People
See also
Forgiveness
Forgiveness is the intentional and voluntary process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and attitude regarding an offense, lets go of negative emotions such as vengefulness, with an increased ability to wish the offender well. Forgiveness is different from condoning (failing to see the action as wrong and in need of forgiveness), excusing (not holding the offender as responsible for the action), pardoning (granted by a representative of society, such as a judge), forgetting (removing awareness of the offense from consciousness), and reconciliation (restoration of a relationship).
In certain contexts, forgiveness is a legal term for absolving or giving up all claims on account of debt, loan, obligation or other claims.
As a psychological concept and virtue, the benefits of forgiveness have been explored in religious thought, the social sciences and medicine. Forgiveness may be considered simply in terms of the person who forgives including forgiving themselves, in terms of the person forgiven or in terms of the relationship between the forgiver and the person forgiven. In most contexts, forgiveness is granted without any expectation of restorative justice, and without any response on the part of the offender (for example, one may forgive a person who is incommunicado or dead). In practical terms, it may be necessary for the offender to offer some form of acknowledgment, an apology, or even just ask for forgiveness, in order for the wronged person to believe himself able to forgive.
Forgive (The Following)
"Forgive" is the fifteenth and final episode of the second season of the psychological thriller television series The Following, which premiered on April 28, 2014, on the network Fox. It was written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Marcos Siega.
Upon airing, the finale was watched by 4.81 million American viewers, marking an increase in ratings from the previous episode, but down significantly from the first season finale.
Plot
The shot fired at the end of the previous episode was aimed at Preston, which kills him, with Joe saying that he could not take his whining. Mike then cries in agony.
Ryan calls Claire, but Luke answers her phone and instructs Ryan to bring Joe, alive, to him or Claire will die. Ryan informs Joe of Luke's threat and helps Joe escape the church before the police can break in and arrest him. With Joe in the back seat and Mike and Max following behind, Ryan drives to the address given by Luke while the FBI shut the lights inside the church and proceed to shoot and kill all of Joe's followers inside. Along the way, one of Joe's followers, Tim, crashes into Ryan's car, flipping it with Ryan and Joe inside, injuring both men. Joe thanks and then shoots Tim and puts Ryan into Tim's car and continues the drive.
Forgive (song)
"Forgive" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Rebecca Lynn Howard. It was released in May 2002 as the only single and title track from her album Forgive, and the only Top 40 country hit of her career. The song peaked at number 12 on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song is also featured on the soundtrack to NBC drama series Providence. Howard wrote the song with Trey Bruce, who co-produced it with Mark Wright.
Music video
The music video was directed by Morgan Lawley and premiered in mid-2002.
Critical reception
Maria Konicki Dinoia of Allmusic called the song "chill-inducing" and a "masterpiece" in her review of the album.
Chart positions
"Forgive" debuted at number 56 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated May 11, 2002 and spent 30 weeks on the chart.
