Foghorn

A foghorn is a fog signal that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rock outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.

Description

All foghorns use a vibrating column of air to create an audible tone, but the method of setting up this vibration differs. Some horns, like the Daboll trumpet, used vibrating plates or metal reeds, a similar principle to a modern electric car horn. Others used air forced through holes in a revolving cylinder or disk, in the same manner as a siren. Semi-automatic operation of foghorns was achieved by using a clockwork mechanism (or "coder") to sequentially open the valves admitting air to the horns; each horn was given its own timing characteristics to help mariners identify them.

History

Early fog signals

Fog

Fog is a complex atmospheric phenomenon. It is a visible mass consisting of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud, and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog has affected many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare.

Definition

The term "fog" is typically distinguished from the more generic term "cloud" in that fog is low-lying, and the moisture in the fog is often generated locally (such as from a nearby body of water, like a lake or the ocean, or from nearby moist ground or marshes).

By definition, fog reduces visibility to less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi), whereas mist causes lesser impairment of visibility.

For aviation purposes in the UK, a visibility of less than 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) but greater than 999 metres (3,278 ft) is considered to be mist if the relative humidity is 70% or greater; below 70%, haze is reported.

Tuman (album)

Tuman is a studio album of Sofia Rotaru released in the very beginning of 2007. The CD includes mostly unreleased, but already aired songs, although only a selection of them. It is a multilingual album, hence traditional edition for Sofia Rotaru. It includes popular duet with Nikolay Baskov "Raspberries Blossom" and dance remix of "White Dance", which marked in 2001 a new wave in the repertoire of Sofia Rotaru. The last song of the album "One Guelder Rose (or One Snowball Tree) was one of the most popular songs of Sofia Rotaru in Ukrainian for the last three years.

Track listing

Languages of performance

Songs 1, 18 and 19 are performed in Ukrainian language, all the other songs are performed in Russian language.

References

Fog (band)

Fog was a band fronted by Andrew Broder, which includes members Mark Erickson and Tim Glenn. Most of Fog's releases have been put out by Lex Records or Ninja Tune.

Style

For most of their existence, material released by Fog had been produced largely by Andrew Broder alone, combining both traditionally performed instruments and turntable-derived samples, until the switch to a traditional three-piece rock band format was announced in 2006.

History

In 1999, Fog started in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Andrew Broder started writing music at first as a type of therapy to help with his depression. His first album Fog features MF Doom and Doseone on vocals. The "debut" album by Fog as the full band, Ditherer, was released in 2007. Phil Elverum, Andrew Bird, Low, Dosh and Yoni Wolf appear on the album.

In 2008, Fog had stopped their activity in order to involve in other various projects, and hasn't reunited since. In July 2010, Andrew Broder announced through their MySpace page that the band "...as it has existed is finished." Later that year, his new band Cloak Ox was formed.

Gaienhofen

Gaienhofen is a town in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Since 1974, Gaienhofen consists of four villages: Gaienhofen, Gundholzen, Hemmenhofen and Horn. Attractions, apart from the Lake of Constance, include the Hermann-Hesse-Höri-Museum and Otto-Dix-Haus.

World heritage site

It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Twin towns

Gaienhofen is twinned with:

Saint-Georges-de-Didonne, France

Balatonföldvár, Hungary

See also

Gallery

Stone Age housings (reconstructed) in Unteruhldingen

Stone Age housings (reconstructed) in Unteruhldingen

Chapel in Gaienhofen-Hemmenhofen

Chapel in Gaienhofen-Hemmenhofen

First house of Hermann Hesse and his first wife Maria Bernoulli (Mia)

First house of Hermann Hesse and his first wife Maria Bernoulli (Mia)

References

External links

Horn (anatomy)

A horn is a pointed projection on the head of various animals consisting of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone. In mammals, true horns are found mainly among the ruminant artiodactyls, in the families Antilocapridae (pronghorn) and Bovidae (cattle, goats, antelope etc.).

One pair of horns is usual; however, two or more pairs occur in a few wild species and domesticated breeds of sheep. Polycerate (multi-horned) sheep breeds include the Hebridean, Icelandic, Jacob, Manx Loaghtan, and the Navajo-Churro.

Horns usually have a curved or spiral shape, often with ridges or fluting. In many species only males have horns. Horns start to grow soon after birth, and continue to grow throughout the life of the animal (except in pronghorns, which shed the outer layer annually, but retain the bony core). Partial or deformed horns in livestock are called scurs. Similar growths on other parts of the body are not usually called horns, but spurs, claws or hoofs depending on the part of the body on which they occur.

Horn, Germany

Horn is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Simmern, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Geography

Location

The municipality lies in the Hunsrück roughly 7 km eastsoutheast of Kastellaun and 6 km north of Simmern.

History

Bearing witness to early human habitation in the Horn area are Roman and Neolithic archaeological finds. There is also a mediaeval motte-and-bailey castle.

In the 12th century, Horn had its first documentary mention in connection with the noble family that bore the same name, but it seems that the actual “first mention” in 1135 is a falsified document. Nevertheless, a genuine document from 1166 has the same contents and names the same persons, thus confirming the 12th century, at least, as the earliest time when the village is known to have existed.

Together with Laubach and Bubach, Horn belonged at this time to the Imperially Immediate Estate (Reichsgut). Landholdings seem to have been held by a noble family von Horn. It could be that this family’s noble seat was at the castle, the Horner Burg. The complex’s remnants can be found west of the village. In shape it was a special form of motte-and-bailey. In 1567, Johann von Koppenstein sold Meinhard von Schöneberg the remnants.