Fick principle

Developed by Adolf Eugen Fick (1829–1901), the Fick principle has been applied to the measurement of cardiac output. Its underlying principles may also be applied in a variety of clinical situations.

The essence of the Fick principle is that blood flow to an organ can be calculated using a marker substance if the following information is known:

Amount of marker substance taken up by the organ per unit time

Concentration of marker substance in arterial blood supplying the organ

Concentration of marker substance in venous blood leaving the organ

In Fick's original method, the "organ" was the entire human body and the marker substance was oxygen.

The principle may be applied in different ways. For example, if the blood flow to an organ is known, together with the arterial and venous concentrations of the marker substance, the uptake of marker substance by the organ may then be calculated.

Variables

In Fick's original method, the following variables are measured:

VO₂, oxygen consumption in ml of pure gaseous oxygen per minute. This may be measured using a spirometer within a closed rebreathing circuit incorporating a CO₂ absorber

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Fick principle

Variables

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