{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}} Feu (Lao: ເຝີ{{#invoke:Namespace detect|main}}; also known as Lao beef stew, Lao beef noodle soup or feu noodle soup and sometimes spelled fer) is a Lao stew or noodle soup that is a type of long-simmered dish most often made with meat and bones (beef or chicken), vegetables, herbs, and optional rice noodles. Feu may be served in two ways, either as a stew along with steamed rice or as a noodle soup consisting of rice noodles. The English name for this Lao dish is "Feu", a spelling derived from the French dish called pot-au-feu, however, in Laos this Lao stew or noodle soup is written as ເຝີ in the Lao script.
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Naming convention [link]
When feu is served with noodles, its English name may be "feu noodle soup", "feu with noodles", or "feu noodles" to distinguish it from the stew itself called "feu" that is served with steamed rice.[1][2]
History [link]
Feu originated in Laos, however, depending on how it is prepared, it may also include some culinary techniques introduced from China, France, and India. Stews and noodle soups are common in Laos, but what makes feu different is that the broth is simmered in a pot over an open flame using the slow moist heat method like when making French pot-au-feu.
Ingredients, cooking and presentation [link]
Ingredients [link]
Depending on personal preference, a wide array of ingredients may be used.
A whole onion, a head of garlic, and sliced ginger may be charred and then added to the broth to give it a more intense flavor and aroma. Whenever garlic is used, the Lao typically do not shy away from using a lot of it.
Charred lemongrass, sliced galanga, the white bottom of green onions, fresh cilantro stems, and fresh Asian basil stems may also be added to the broth for an additional Lao flare.
Celery stalks and optional carrots are sliced and then added to the broth to round out the flavors, a culinary technique adopted from French cuisine, though it is well suited for the Lao kitchen as vegetables are used prominently in Lao cuisine.
Other ingredients that may also be added to the broth include Sichuan peppers, black peppercorns, star anise, bay leaves, cloves, coriander seeds, black cardamom, cinnamon, and fennel seeds for a fusion of Lao with Chinese and Indian flavors.
Salt or fish sauce is also used in the broth along with sugar and sometimes soy sauce or oyster sauce as well. In French pot-au-feu, it is common to use various cuts of beef and bones to give the broth a complex flavor. Similarly in Laos, beef feu may also include different cuts of beef and bones and sometimes tendons, tripe, and meatballs as ingredients. When making chicken feu, ingredients such as chicken skin, innards, and blood cake may also be used.
Rice stick noodles or broad rice noodles are typically used when making feu noodle soup.
Cooking [link]
The meat, bones, tendons and/or innards, onion, celery, ginger, and garlic are cooked first in the broth for up to several hours before the remaining herbs and spices are added to the broth and then allowed to simmer for an hour or more before adding additional seasonings such as sugar, salt or fish sauce, and sometimes soy sauce or oyster sauce before the broth is finished. Some of the vegetables and spices may be roasted or charred before adding to the broth to give it a more pronounced flavor.
Optionally, the meat and bones may be browned, by baking in an oven or searing in a pot or wok, before adding to a pot of water to develop a richer flavor and darken the broth. Another optional technique to help remove impurities and produce a clearer broth is parboiling the meat and bones in boiling water for a few minutes, followed by draining out the water from the pot, and then rinsing the parboiled meat and bones with water before adding fresh water to the pot and then allowed to simmer. If a clear broth is desired, impurities that float to the top of the broth should be skimmed off while the broth is simmering.
Presentation [link]
Feu may be served with or without noodles. If served without noodles, then feu is considered a stew and may be served with steamed rice. If noodles are used, they are cooked in a separate pot of boiling water and then put in a bowl. Thinly sliced raw beef or parboiled beef is also added to the bowl. The broth along with the stewed meat, vegetables, and sometimes bones are ladled into the bowl.
Unique to Laos is the Lao use of fresh lettuce with raw, thinly sliced tomatoes as toppings in Lao noodle soups such as feu, which gives feu a Lao style jolt of color and freshness. The liberal use of fried garlic as a topping to the dish is also common in Laos. Mint leaves and Asian basil leaves may also be added on top of the sliced tomatoes or alongside them to give an additional contrast in shape, texture, and color as the Lao are known for their use of contrasting elements in their cuisine. Fresh cilantro and also thinly sliced green onions and white onions are also added as toppings. Fresh bean sprouts may also be added as a topping as is commonly done for another Lao noodle dish called khao poon.
When feu is served with noodles, it is typical in Laos to serve it with a side of fresh Lao chili peppers, shrimp paste, a wedge of lime or lemon, Asian basil, mint leaves, cilantro, lettuce, and bean sprouts. Sugar, fish sauce, chili sauce, and hoisin sauce are also typically provided as condiments on the table.
Variations [link]
Beef, chicken, pork, seafood, vegetarian, and oxtail feu are typical variations in Laos. Rice stick noodles or broad rice noodles may also be added to feu. Because different spices, herbs, and vegetables may be used in Laos depending on personal preference, feu may exude a local Lao flare including the use of lemongrass, galanga, and a large amount of garlic in the broth and also the use of sliced raw tomatoes, lettuce, green onions, cilantro, bean sprouts, and fried garlic as toppings. Depending on the region in Laos, other fresh and raw vegetables besides lettuce and tomatoes may also be used as toppings. Feu may also take on additional flavors and aromas from adding ingredients introduced historically from China, France, and India. Salt, fish sauce, soy sauce, or oyster sauce may be used to season the broth in addition to using sugar. When making pork feu, thinly sliced fried pork belly may also be used as a topping.
References [link]
External links [link]
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Food
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Historically, people secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture. Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.
Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council. They address issues such as sustainability, biological diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population growth, water supply, and access to food.
The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), recognizing the "right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food," as well as the "fundamental right to be free from hunger."
Food (Kelis album)
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Food is an R&B and soul album with a diverse musical style that incorporates funk, Afro-beat, Memphis soul, R&B and neo-soul. Its songs feature crackling horns, brass, earthy guitars, simmering electronics and vocals from Kelis that were noted as being breathy, smoky and sultry. The album was viewed as a return to Kelis' previous music prior to Flesh Tone, and was described by Kelis as, "a kind of unspoken lovefest". The album was written by Kelis, alongside David Andrew Sitek, and Todd Simon, and was entirely produced by Dave Sitek and features guest performances by CSS and Priscilla Ahn.
Zico Chain
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Early years
The band formed in East London. Vocalist-bassist Chris Glithero had moved there from Manchester, and met guitarist Paul Frost and drummer Ollie Middleton. Their dissatisfaction with 21st-century British rock helped them connect with one another. Influenced by such bands as Motörhead, Queens of the Stone Age, The White Stripes and System of a Down, they began recording, and soon were signed to Hassle Records. For their first EP, they worked with Ted Miller, who has previously worked with Placebo. They then toured with Nine Black Alps, Alkaline Trio, Cave In and The Fall of Troy. They had a number-one video on MTV2's chart. Slash and Duff McKagan of Velvet Revolver (and Guns N' Roses) revealed that Zico Chain were their favourite new band. On 9 November 2009, the band released a standalone single "These Birds Will Kill Us All" with B-sides "Blood 'N Bile" and "Daycase", available on iTunes among other internet sites.
Feu
Feu may refer to:
The acronym FEU may refer to:
Feu (land tenure)
Feu was previously the most common form of land tenure in Scotland, as conveyancing in Scots law was dominated by feudalism until the Scottish Parliament passed the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000. The word is the Scots variant of fee. The English had in 1660 abolished these tenures, with An Act taking away the Court of Wards..., since 1948 known as the Tenures Abolition Act 1660.
History
Prior to 1832 only the vassals of the crown had votes in parliamentary elections for the Scots counties, and this made in favour of subinfeudation as against sale outright. This was changed by the Scottish Reform Act 1832 which increased the franchise in Scotland from 4,500 to 64,447.
In Orkney and Shetland land is still largely possessed as udal property, a holding derived or handed down from the time when these islands belonged to Norway. Such lands could previously be converted into feus at the will of the proprietor and held from the Crown or the Marquess of Zetland.
Feu (album)
Feu (French for Fire) is the debut studio album by French hip hop artist Nekfeu. It was released on June 8, 2015 by Seine Zoo, Polydor Records and Universal Music Group in France. A re-release of the album, entitled Feu (Réédition), was released on December 4, 2015.
Entering (and peaking) the French Albums Chart at number 3 in its first week, the album has sold more than 80,000 copies as of 19 August 2015.
Singles
Feu has produced 4 singles:
