Bituminous waterproofing

Bituminous waterproofing systems are designed to protect residential and commercial buildings. Bitumen (asphalt or coal-tar) is a mixed substance made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky, viscous, and waterproof. These systems are sometimes used to construct roofs.

Roofing felt

'Roofing felt The term felt comes from the historical method of making the base material. Felt is an unwoven fabric that is produced by matting fibres under pressure. The fibres form the structure of the fabric.

Roofing felt (formerly tar paper) is the base material used to make roof shingles and roll roofing. Typical uses of felt paper are as an underlay(ment) (sarking) beneath other building materials, particularly roofing and siding materials, and is one type of membrane used in asphalt built up roofing (BUR) systems. The purposes are to "...separate the roof covering from the roof deck...shed water...[and] provide secondary weather protection..." Also, the rapid application of roofing underlay protects the roof deck during construction until the roofing material is applied and is required for roofs required to meet Underwriters Laboratory (UL) fire ratings. The separation of the roof covering from the roof deck protects the roof covering from resins in some sheathing materials and cushions unevenness and old nails and splinters in re-roofing applications. The underlayment also sheds water, which penetrates the roof covering from an ordinary leak, a leak from wind-driven rain or snow, wind damage to the roof covering, or ice dams. However, the application of underlays may increase the roof temperature, which is the leading cause of ageing of asphalt shingles and felt paper wrinkles when it gets wet, which (rarely) shows through asphalt shingles. Not installing an underlay may void the roof covering warranty.

Paper

Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes.

The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it.

History

The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age.

Paper (album)

Paper is the debut solo album from Black Crowes guitarist Rich Robinson. This album contains brand new material along with songs that were initially written for Robinson's 2002-2003 project, Hookah Brown. Robinson handled guitar, bass, and other instruments as well as taking over the lead vocals, with the gaps being filled in by Joe Magistro (drums), Eddie Harsch (keyboards, credited as Eddie Hawrsch), Donnie Herron (fiddle, violin) and his son Taylor Robinson (percussion).

Track listing

References

Paper (film)

Paper (Turkish: Kağıt) is a 2010 Turkish comedy-drama film directed by Sinan Çetin, which tells the story of a young director trying to make his first film. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on January 14, 2011 (2011-01-14), was premiered in competition at the 47th International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (October 9–14, 2010).

Plot

Emrah is a dreamer who hopes to be a great director, trying to shoot his first feature film. His father Mehdi, a retired customs enforcement officer, believes that Emrah is going to become a pharmacist. Emrah manages to cobble together funding from producers with the help of his friends and his mother Şahane, but is held up by the bureaucracy. The main obstacle between him and his dreams is an endorsement letter he needs from Müzeyyen, the head of the censorship board. But this proves more difficult than he expected...

Standing up to authority in pursuit of his ideals, this young man finds himself entangled in a vehement struggle against this petty official who blindly enforces a senseless law.

Felt

Felt is a textile that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibres together. Felt can be made of natural fibres such as wool or synthetic fibres such as acrylic. There are many different types of felts for industrial, technical, designer and craft applications. While some types of felt are very soft, some are tough enough to form construction materials. Felt can vary in terms of fibre content, colour, size, thickness, density and more factors depending on the use of the felt.

Many cultures have legends as to the origins of felt making. Sumerian legend claims that the secret of feltmaking was discovered by Urnamman of Lagash. The story of Saint Clement and Saint Christopher relates that while fleeing from persecution, the men packed their sandals with wool to prevent blisters. At the end of their journey, the movement and sweat had turned the wool into felt socks.

Feltmaking is still practised by nomadic peoples (Altaic people: Mongols; Turkic people) in Central Asia, where rugs, tents and clothing are regularly made. Some of these are traditional items, such as the classic yurt (Gers), while others are designed for the tourist market, such as decorated slippers. In the Western world, felt is widely used as a medium for expression in textile art as well as design, where it has significance as an ecological textile.

Felt (hip hop group)

Felt is an American underground hip hop duo, consisting of Slug of Atmosphere and Murs of Living Legends.

History

Felt released the debut album, Felt: A Tribute to Christina Ricci, in 2002. It was produced by Murs' fellow Living Legends member The Grouch.

The second album, Felt, Vol. 2: A Tribute to Lisa Bonet, was released in 2005. It was produced by Ant of Atmosphere.

The duo released the third album, Felt 3: A Tribute to Rosie Perez, in 2009. It was produced by Aesop Rock.

A stage play is currently in the works based upon their three albums.

Style

All of their albums are named after actresses; Christina Ricci, Lisa Bonet and Rosie Perez.

Each of their albums contains two songs named after other celebrities; Suzanne Vega, Rick James, Morris Day, Marvin Gaye, Kevin Spacey and Paul Reubens.

Members

Slug

Slug is the MC of the Minneapolis hip hop duo Atmosphere. He is a co-founder of the Rhymesayers Entertainment label. He is considered a conscious rapper, often focusing on his love life and other issues in his Minnesota lifestyle. He also tends to vividly describe people and social circumstances. Ant, who is one half of Atmosphere, produced Felt's second album Felt, Vol. 2: A Tribute to Lisa Bonet in its entirety.

Felt Bicycles

Felt Racing is an American bicycle manufacturer based in Irvine, California. Felt produces road, mountain, track, bmx, cyclocross, electric bicycles, and cruiser bikes. All design is completed in the USA and the majority of production comes from Asia. The company also has a strong reputation in the time trial/triathlon bike area. area and for several years provided bicycles to UCI teams in the Tour de France. Felt still supports several professional level race teams including Hincapie Racing and Team Twenty 16.

History

Felt was founded by Jim Felt in early 1994 when Felt products were distributed by Answer Products. Felt nearly disappeared from the domestic market following a fallout with Answer after a 7-year relationship. The brand was relaunched in 2001 as an independent company.

Technology

Felt has developed several unique bicycle technologies. For its time trial/triathlon bikes, Felt has developed the Bayonet Fork, which utilizes an external steerer in front of the head tube for additional stiffness and aerodynamic efficiency. Felt has also developed the Equilink suspension system for its full-suspension mountain bikes.