Feather

Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds and some non-avian theropod dinosaurs. They are considered the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates, and indeed a premier example of a complex evolutionary novelty. They are among the characteristics that distinguish the extant Aves from other living groups. Feathers have also been noticed in those Theropoda which have been termed feathered dinosaurs.

Although feathers cover most parts of the body of birds, they arise only from certain well-defined tracts on the skin. They aid in flight, thermal insulation, and waterproofing. In addition, coloration helps in communication and protection.Plumology (or plumage science) is the name for the science that is associated with the study of feathers.

Structures and characteristics

Feathers are among the most complex integumentary appendages found in vertebrates and are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. The β-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into β-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof. The exact signals that induce the growth of feathers on the skin are not known, but it has been found that the transcription factor cDermo-1 induces the growth of feathers on skin and scales on the leg.

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Feather

Feathering (horse)

Feathering or feather is the long hair on the lower legs and fetlocks of some breeds of horse and pony. On some horses, especially draft breeds, the hair can almost cover the hooves. While nearly all horses will grow longer hair on the lower legs and back of the fetlocks at times, particularly in the winter, "feather" refers to the particularly long, luxuriant growth that is characteristic of certain breeds.

References

  • ↑ 1911 Encyclopedia: Horse
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    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Feathering_(horse)

    Feather (disambiguation)

    Feathers are epidermal growths which form an outer covering on birds and some dinosaurs.

    Feather may also refer to:

    Organizations

  • Feathers of Knysna, a woodworking producer in South Africa

    • Science and technology

  • Feather, an incision in diamonds affecting diamond clarity
  • The industry term for the microscopic teeth on a knife
  • The NATO reporting name of the Yakovlev Yak-17 fighter aircraft
  • The minimum drag position of a rowing oar or an aircraft propeller, see feathering
  • The transitioning wing system designed for Burt Rutan's spacecraft.

    • Medicine and biology

  • Feathered dinosaurs, dinosaurs that had feathers, probably the ancestors of birds
  • Feathering (horse), properly called "Feather" on some breeds, long hair growing over the lower leg and fetlocks of horses

    • Art, culture and entertainment

  • Feather (step), a dance step in Foxtrot
  • Feathered hair, a hairstyle which was a fashion in the 1970s
  • Feathers (Australian band), a four-piece band
  • Feathers (American band), an electronic music band
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    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Feather_(disambiguation)

    Podcasts:

    Feather

    ALBUMS

    Small Horses and Other Stuff

    Released 2014

    Mirros (Deluxe Version)

    Released 2013

    From All Sides (Deluxe Version)

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    Equestrian Revolution 2.0

    Released 2013

    Don’t Say You Want Me

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    Derp

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    Cognitive Dissonance

    A Beautiful Heart

    Feather

    ALBUMS

    Goin' Through Changes

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    Feather

    by: Devin Townsend Project

    Hey little one, think about our time
    When all the pain we've overcome
    Hey little one, think about a time
    When all the boys are older.
    All I'll ever think about is you
    And you'll be there when we are through.
    And all are drinking from our hearts
    Of all the love that comes apart
    Is all for you or all for ‘I'?
    I want to wait until we die
    You're here afraid yet still you try,
    As life for me is life through ‘I'
    If all for three is all for five
    Then we'll have peace until we die
    Close your eyes and go to sleep
    Close your eyes and go to sleep
    Peace to you...
    Peace to you...
    Peace to you.
    Hey little one, think about a time
    When all the waves and oceans rise
    Hey little one, think about a time
    And all the way, you loaded all your dolls and toys into the car,
    ...and we are here while you are far
    And all I ever think about is you,
    It's only father feathers.
    It's only feathers.
    They say heaven was in tune, your point of view,
    I try to see your point of view
    The door opens into your eyes
    And I have wondered when we die
    He won't have due this falling ride
    As I'll have to already child
    So all for you and all for I
    Lets just forgive and let this child...
    So all for you and all for I
    So lets forgive and let this lie...
    Close your eyes and go to sleep
    Close your eyes and go to sleep
    Peace to you...
    Peace to you...
    Peace to you.
    Peace to you
    Peace to you
    Peace to all
    Peace to you
    Peace to all
    Peace to all
    Generally we are a lonely people
    Generally we are alone
    Generally we are alone in lonely worlds
    Generally we are a lonely people
    Generally we are alone, alone...
    Generally we are alone in lonely worlds
    Generally we are a lonely people
    ... Generally we are alone
    Generally we are alone.




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