Fairy chess comprises chess problems that differ from classical (also called orthodox) chess problems in that they are not direct mates. The term was introduced by Henry Tate in 1914 and has resisted change since then. While selfmate dates from the Middle Ages, helpmate was invented by Max Lange in the late 19th century. Thomas Dawson (1889–1951), the "father of fairy chess", invented many fairy pieces and new conditions. He was also problem editor of Fairy Chess Review (1930–51).
Although the term "fairy chess" is sometimes used for games, it is more usually applied to problems where the board, pieces, or rules are changed to express an idea or theme impossible in orthochess.
Types of fairy chess problems include:
Destroy all my love with the clench of a fist
And now everybody's doing their hair
On the town
And you'll taste the pain
And a reason for them to talk
Because I know
You heard everyone talking to me
About the times we used to have
Don't bet on it now
Because it's never gonna be the same
I feel ferocious
Sitting right in the back
I'm gonna feel your love
Holding me tight
But you know it's my night
And when you look at me
I see the war in your eyes
And now everyone's taking their turns
To get hurt out on the street
And then the gift is
And the reason that seems to bleed
Because I know I heard everyone telling their moms about the job they took.
And all my thoughts go out
And I ain't never gonna live that way
I feel ferocious
Sitting right in the back
I'm gonna feel your love
Holding me tight while we have some fun
But you know it's my night and I'm
when we start to kiss
But the reasons I have
Because I know
I've seen everything I need to survive
Every night on my TV
Don't bet on it now
Because it's never going to be the same
I feel ferocious
Standing right in the back
I wanna feel your love
Holding me tight